Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/wu

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *bu (per Werner 2002)
  • *wV-, *mV- (per Starostin 1994-2005)
  • *bu (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *bu (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
  • *Wu-, *bu- (per Cologne group 2023. Pattern: b.2- or b.1-?)

Etymology

Shares the same origin with Proto-Yeniseian *w- (third person agreement prefix).

Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *wu (third person animate pronoun); Proto-Athabaskan *wə- (third person possessive prefix), Eyak ʔu- (“his, her, their”, third person possessive prefix) and Tlingit a- (ʔuˑ-, “its”, third person possessive prefix).[1]

Cologne group (2023), whom are nominally indifferent to the Dené-Yeniseian hypothesis given above, posits a potential loan word character for this item, comparing Proto-Common Turkic *bū (“this, that one”), but this explanation is not without its various problems, most discrediting of which is the supposed time-frame or the motivation for such an acquisition to occur at all.

Pronoun

*wu (plural *wuVŋ)

  1. he, she, they; him, her, them; third person singular animate pronoun

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: buhen, buhoŋen
    • Yug: бу (bū)
      • → Pumpokol: bu, bueg (erroneously labeled as 'Pumpokol')
  • Kottic:
    • ⇒ Assan: bari (“he”)
    • Kott: uju (“he”), uja (“she”)
  • ⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *win (“self, oneself”)
    • Ketic:
      • Imbak Ket: bien (listed as 'Jenissej-Ostjakisch')
      • ⇒ Yug: бинду (bíndu, “he himself”), бинда (bínda, “she herself”)
    • Kottic:
      • ⇒ Kott: mintu (“he himself”), minta (“she herself”)
      • ⇒ Kott: mintuaše (“his own”), mintaiše (“her own”), mintiaŋanše (“their (plural) own”)

References

  1. ^ Twitchell, X̱ʼunei Lance (2020) Tlingit Online Dictionary, Juneau, Alaska: Independently published, supported by Goldbelt Heritage Foundation and the University of Alaska Southeast, →ISBN, pages 4-5

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “'he, she'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[1], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 47-48 of 39-82
  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “'self'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 49 of 39-82
  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “b.2 (Table 28)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 70 of 39-82
  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) “129.) ~*wu”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*bin (1)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 138-139
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*bu”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 162
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[5], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 375
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “bin < (2) biˀn”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 129
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “(1) bu”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 146
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “he”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 301
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