afal
Welsh
Etymology
| PIE word |
|---|
| *h₂ébōl |
From Middle Welsh aual, from Proto-Brythonic *aβal, from Proto-Celtic *abūl, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl. Cognate with Breton aval, Cornish aval, Irish úll, Manx ooyl, Scottish Gaelic ubhal and English apple (as well as Avalon).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈaval/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈa(ː)val/
- Rhymes: -aval
Noun
afal m (plural afalau)
Derived terms
- afal bach sur, afal sur (bach), corafal (“crabapple”)
- afal breuant, afal y gwddf, afal Adda (“Adam's apple”)
- afal caill yr esgob (“codling apple”)
- (obsolete) afal cariad (“tomato, love apple”)
- afal cwins (“quince”)
- afal digoni, afal pobi (“cooking apple”)
- afal drain (“hawthorn berry”)
- afal dreiniog (“thorn-apple”)
- (obsolete) afal euraid, afal oraets (“orange”)
- afal gwlanog, afal peatus, afal paradwys (“peach”)
- (obsolete) afal melyn, afal melynhir (“lemon”)
- afal pinwydd (“pinecone”)
- afal tinagored, afal tindoll (“medlar”)
- afal (y) bwci (“rose hip”)
- afal (y) derw (“oak apple”)
- afal y ddaear (“birthwort, sowbread”)
- afal y gar (“kneecap”)
- afal y glyn (“the hollow of the thigh”)
- afal y grudd (“the ball of the cheek”)
- afal (y) llygad (“eyeball”)
- afalaidd (“appley”)
- afaleua (“to gather apples”)
- (rare) asid afalau (“malic acid”)
- (obsolete) aurafal (“orange”)
- grawnafal, afal garnad, afal gronog, afal gronynnog (“pomegranate”)
- pinafal, afal pin (“pineapple”)
Related terms
- afallen, coed afalau (“apple tree”)
Mutation
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| afal | unchanged | unchanged | hafal |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “afal”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies