brjóta

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse brjóta, from Proto-Germanic *breutaną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈprjouːta/
    Rhymes: -ouːta

Verb

brjóta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative braut, third-person plural past indicative brutu, supine brotið)

  1. to break [with accusative]
    Synonyms: mölva, smalla
  2. (of laundry, paper, etc.) to fold [with accusative]
    Synonyms: brjóta saman, leggja saman
  3. (impersonal) to break
    Sjórinn var ófær ef öldu braut á eyjunni.
    The sea was impassable if a wave broke on the island.
    Ölduna braut á skerinu.
    The wave broke on the skerry.
    Bátinn braut í spón.
    The boat was smashed into pieces.

Conjugation

brjóta – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur brjóta
supine sagnbót brotið
present participle
brjótandi
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég brýt braut brjóti bryti
þú brýtur braust brjótir brytir
hann, hún, það brýtur braut brjóti bryti
plural við brjótum brutum brjótum brytum
þið brjótið brutuð brjótið brytuð
þeir, þær, þau brjóta brutu brjóti brytu
imperative boðháttur
singular þú brjót (þú), brjóttu
plural þið brjótið (þið), brjótiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
brjótast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur brjótast
supine sagnbót brotist
present participle
brjótandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég brýst braust brjótist brytist
þú brýst braust brjótist brytist
hann, hún, það brýst braust brjótist brytist
plural við brjótumst brutumst brjótumst brytumst
þið brjótist brutust brjótist brytust
þeir, þær, þau brjótast brutust brjótist brytust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú brjóst (þú), brjóstu
plural þið brjótist (þið), brjótisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
brotinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
brotinn brotin brotið brotnir brotnar brotin
accusative
(þolfall)
brotinn brotna brotið brotna brotnar brotin
dative
(þágufall)
brotnum brotinni brotnu brotnum brotnum brotnum
genitive
(eignarfall)
brotins brotinnar brotins brotinna brotinna brotinna
weak declension
(veik beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
brotni brotna brotna brotnu brotnu brotnu
accusative
(þolfall)
brotna brotnu brotna brotnu brotnu brotnu
dative
(þágufall)
brotna brotnu brotna brotnu brotnu brotnu
genitive
(eignarfall)
brotna brotnu brotna brotnu brotnu brotnu

Derived terms

References

  • Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

Old Norse

Alternative forms

  • ᛒᚱᛁᚢᛏᛁ (briuti)Runic form, 3rd singular present subjunctive

Etymology

From Proto-Norse ᛒᛡᚱᚢᛏᛉ (bᴀrutʀ /⁠bᵃrȳtʀ⁠/), ᛒᛡᚱᛁᚢᛏᛁᚦ (bᴀriutiþ /⁠bᵃriutiþ⁠/), from Proto-Germanic *breutaną.

Verb

brjóta (singular past indicative braut, plural past indicative brutu, past participle brotinn)

  1. (transitive) to break
  2. (transitive) to break open
  3. (transitive) to destroy, demolish
  4. (transitive) to break, violate, transgress
    en ér konungr brutuð lǫg á Agli
    but you, King, broke the law in Egil's case
  5. (transitive) to force, compel
    Synonym: þvinga

Conjugation

Conjugation of brjóta — active (strong class 2)
infinitive brjóta
present participle brjótandi
past participle brotinn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular brýt braut brjóta bryta
2nd person singular brýtr brauzt brjótir brytir
3rd person singular brýtr braut brjóti bryti
1st person plural brjótum brutum brjótim brytim
2nd person plural brjótið brutuð brjótið brytið
3rd person plural brjóta brutu brjóti bryti
imperative present
2nd person singular brjót
1st person plural brjótum
2nd person plural brjótið
Conjugation of brjóta — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive brjótask
present participle brjótandisk
past participle brotizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular brjótumk brutumk brjótumk brytumk
2nd person singular brýzk brauzk brjótisk brytisk
3rd person singular brýzk brauzk brjótisk brytisk
1st person plural brjótumsk brutumsk brjótimsk brytimsk
2nd person plural brjótizk brutuzk brjótizk brytizk
3rd person plural brjótask brutusk brjótisk brytisk
imperative present
2nd person singular brjózk
1st person plural brjótumsk
2nd person plural brjótizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: brjóta
  • Faroese: bróta
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: brjota, bryta
  • Jamtish: brǿte
  • Elfdalian: briuota
  • Old Swedish: brȳta
  • Old Danish: brȳtæ
    • Danish: bryde
    • Scanian: brýda
  • Gutnish: braute

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “brjóta”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive