các
See also: Appendix:Variations of "cac"
Tày
Pronunciation
- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [kaːk̚˧˥]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [kaːk̚˦]
Etymology 1
Ultimately from Chinese 閣 / 阁 (gé).
Noun
- pavilion
- Synonym: rạn
- lườn các ― stilt house
- khẩncác ― to go upstairs in the stilt house
- Cần dú nưa các, vài dú tẩư lang
- People stay in the house, buffalos stay under the floor
- phả phạ kẻo mừa keo, khẩu tèo các
- clouds fly to the south, rice jumps upstairs
- (collective) houses
Etymology 2
Determiner
các (各)
- Plural marker
- Synonym: bại
Etymology 3
Ultimately from Chinese 擱 / 搁.
Verb
các
- to place something against something
- các slảo phjác slửa ― to hang a clothes-drying pole
- mừ các phjác ― hands placed on the forehead
- bấu ngần, bấu chèn kha các pha ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- to place something to reach something up high
- Synonym: cái
- các đuây ― to place a ladder
References
- Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary][1][2] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
- Dương Nhật Thanh, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][3] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]
- Léopold Michel Cadière (1910) Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary][4] (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [kaːk̚˧˦]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [kaːk̚˦˧˥]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [kaːk̚˦˥]
Audio (Hà Nội): (file)
Etymology 1
Sino-Vietnamese word from 各 (“each, individually, every, all”).
Determiner
các
- Plural marker
Usage notes
- Not used very often in colloquial Vietnamese, replaced by mấy, except in pronouns (such as các bạn). Even then, the use of these pronouns might indicate that the speaker wants to sound serious.
- Generally speaking, các suggests that all of a given set of entities are involved, as opposed to những, which implies that only a certain number of the total possible number are referred to.
- Plural marking is not always grammatically required in Vietnamese, in contrast with many Indo-European languages, and can be omitted in many situations.
Synonyms
Etymology 2
Noun
các
- (dated) cell phone's card
Alternative forms
Etymology 3
Verb
các
- to pay the difference, to give in compensation