閣

See also: 阁 and 閤
閣 U+95A3, 閣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95A3
← 関
[U+95A2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閤 →
[U+95A4]

Translingual

Han character

閣 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 日弓竹水口 (ANHER), four-corner 77604, composition ⿵門各)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1334, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41300
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1840, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4298, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+95A3

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 閣
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
髂 *kʰraːɡs
路 *ɡ·raːɡs
輅 *ɡ·raːɡs
賂 *ɡ·raːɡs
虂 *ɡ·raːɡs
露 *ɡ·raːɡs
潞 *raːɡs
鷺 *raːɡs
璐 *raːɡs
簬 *raːɡs
簵 *ɡ·raːɡs
洛 *ɡ·raːɡ
駱 *ɡ·raːɡ
絡 *ɡ·raːɡ
酪 *ɡ·raːɡ
烙 *ɡ·raːɡ
雒 *ɡ·raːɡ
珞 *ɡ·raːɡ
硌 *ɡ·raːɡ
袼 *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿 *ɡ·raːɡ
鉻 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥 *ɡ·raːɡ
鵅 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落 *ɡ·raːɡ
各 *klaːɡ
胳 *klaːɡ
閣 *klaːɡ
格 *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱 *klaːɡ
恪 *kʰlaːɡ
愙 *kʰaːɡ
貉 *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢 *ɡlaːɡ
佫 *ɡlaːɡ
略 *ɡ·raɡ
茖 *kraːɡ
骼 *kraːɡ
觡 *kraːɡ
蛒 *kraːɡ
敋 *kraːɡ
客 *kʰraːɡ
喀 *kʰraːɡ
揢 *kʰraːɡ
額 *ŋɡraːɡ
峉 *ŋɡraːɡ
頟 *ŋɡraːɡ
詻 *ŋɡraːɡ
垎 *ɡraːɡ
楁 *ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klaːɡ): semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).

Etymology 1

trad. 閣
simp. 阁*

Pronunciation

Note:
  • koh - vernacular;
  • kok - literary.
Rime
Character 閣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古落切
Baxter kak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kak̚/
Li
Rong 		/kɑk̚/
Wang
Li 		/kɑk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ge
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gok3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 閣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.kˁak/
English shelf, frame

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 閣
Reading # 1/1
No. 3883
Phonetic
component 		各
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		各
Old
Chinese 		/*klaːɡ/

Definitions

閣

  1. chamber; pavilion
  2. cabinet
  3. (Hong Kong, only used in names) apartment building

Compounds

  • 亭臺樓閣 / 亭台楼阁 (tíngtáilóugé)
  • 仙山瓊閣 / 仙山琼阁 (xiānshānqiónggé)
  • 令閣 / 令阁
  • 倒閣 / 倒阁 (dǎogé)
  • 入閣 / 入阁 (rùgé)
  • 內閣 / 内阁 (nèigé)
  • 內閣制 / 内阁制
  • 內閣總理 / 内阁总理
  • 凌煙閣 / 凌烟阁
  • 出閣 / 出阁 (chūgé)
  • 出閣之喜 / 出阁之喜
  • 劍閣 / 剑阁 (Jiàngé)
  • 大家閨閣 / 大家闺阁
  • 天一閣 / 天一阁 (Tiānyīgé)
  • 天祿閣 / 天禄阁
  • 太魯閣 / 太鲁阁 (Tàilǔgé)
  • 延閣 / 延阁
  • 影子內閣 / 影子内阁 (yǐngzi nèigé)
  • 投閣 / 投阁
  • 抬閣 / 抬阁
  • 揚雄投閣 / 扬雄投阁
  • 擔閣 / 担阁
  • 文宗閣 / 文宗阁
  • 文津閣 / 文津阁
  • 文淵閣 / 文渊阁
  • 文源閣 / 文源阁
  • 文滙閣 / 文滙阁
  • 文溯閣 / 文溯阁
  • 文瀾閣 / 文澜阁
  • 暖閣 / 暖阁
  • 朱閣 / 朱阁
  • 朱閣青樓 / 朱阁青楼
  • 束之高閣 / 束之高阁 (shùzhīgāogé)
  • 東閣 / 东阁
  • 架閣 / 架阁
  • 梵閣 / 梵阁
  • 椒閣 / 椒阁
  • 樓臺亭閣 / 楼台亭阁
  • 樓閣 / 楼阁 (lóugé)
  • 樓閣亭臺 / 楼阁亭台
  • 殿閣 / 殿阁
  • 汲古閣 / 汲古阁
  • 淳化閣帖 / 淳化阁帖
  • 淳熙閣帖 / 淳熙阁帖
  • 滕王閣 / 滕王阁 (Téngwánggé)
  • 滕王閣序 / 滕王阁序
  • 玉樓金閣 / 玉楼金阁
  • 瓊瑤樓閣 / 琼瑶楼阁
  • 瓊臺玉閣 / 琼台玉阁
  • 瓊閨繡閣 / 琼闺绣阁
  • 畫閣 / 画阁 (huàgé)
  • 畫閣朱樓 / 画阁朱楼
  • 直閣 / 直阁
  • 看守內閣 / 看守内阁
  • 空中樓閣 / 空中楼阁 (kōngzhōnglóugé)
  • 組閣 / 组阁 (zǔgé)
  • 繡閣 / 绣阁
  • 繡閣長春 / 绣阁长春
  • 置之高閣 / 置之高阁
  • 耽閣 / 耽阁
  • 聯合內閣 / 联合内阁
  • 聯立內閣 / 联立内阁
  • 臺閣 / 台阁
  • 臺閣生風 / 台阁生风
  • 藝閣 / 艺阁
  • 複閣 / 复阁
  • 責任內閣 / 责任内阁
  • 超然內閣 / 超然内阁
  • 過渡內閣 / 过渡内阁
  • 鈴閣 / 铃阁
  • 閉閣思過 / 闭阁思过
  • 閣下 / 阁下 (géxià)
  • 閣不住 / 阁不住
  • 閣主 / 阁主
  • 閣兒 / 阁儿
  • 閣員 / 阁员 (géyuán)
  • 閣子 / 阁子 (gézi)
  • 閣揆 / 阁揆 (gékuí)
  • 閣楞 / 阁楞
  • 閣樓 / 阁楼 (gélóu)
  • 閣正 / 阁正
  • 閣氣 / 阁气
  • 閣淚 / 阁泪
  • 閣老 / 阁老
  • 閣落 / 阁落
  • 閣議 / 阁议
  • 閣道 / 阁道
  • 閣鈔 / 阁钞
  • 閨閣 / 闺阁 (guīgé)
  • 閣閣 / 阁阁
  • 閨閣之臣 / 闺阁之臣
  • 阿閣 / 阿阁
  • 飛閣 / 飞阁
  • 館閣 / 馆阁
  • 館閣氣 / 馆阁气
  • 館閣體 / 馆阁体
  • 香閨繡閣 / 香闺绣阁
  • 高閣 / 高阁
  • 鳳閣 / 凤阁
  • 鳳閣龍樓 / 凤阁龙楼
  • 麒麟閣 / 麒麟阁
  • 麟閣 / 麟阁 (língé)
  • 黃閣 / 黄阁
  • 黃閣紫樞 / 黄阁紫枢

Etymology 2

trad. 閣
simp. 阁*
alternative forms
擱／搁
佫
故
復／复
過／过
擱／搁
佫
故
復／复
過／过
更
果
固
各
卻／却
革
 

Pronunciation 1

Adverb

閣

  1. (Hokkien) again
    請閣講一擺 [Hokkien, trad.]
    请阁讲一摆 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Chhiáⁿ koh kóng chi̍t pái [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Please say it again once more.
  2. (Hokkien) still; yet
  3. (Taiwanese and Philippine Hokkien) also; as well; furthermore; in addition; moreover
  4. (Taiwanese Hokkien) on the contrary; to the contrary; instead; rather; as a matter of fact
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 又 (“again; once more”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 又
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 又
Taiwan 又
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 又
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 又
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 又
Wuhan 又
Guilin 又
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 又
Hefei 又
Cantonese Guangzhou 又, 又試
Hong Kong 又, 又試
Yangjiang 又
Gan Nanchang 又
Hakka Meixian 又
Jin Taiyuan 又
Northern Min Jian'ou 又, 已
Eastern Min Fuzhou 復
Southern Min Xiamen 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣
Quanzhou 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣
Zhangzhou 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣
Taipei 閣 GT, 閣再 GT, 又閣 GT
Singapore (Hokkien) 閣, 閣再, 又閣
Manila (Hokkien) 閣, 閣再
Chaozhou 又, 又再
Shantou 又
Wu Shanghai 再, 又
Suzhou 亦
Wenzhou 亦
Xiang Changsha 又
Shuangfeng 又
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 再 (“again”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 再
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 再
Taiwan 再
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 再
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 再
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 又, 再
Wuhan 再
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 再
Hefei 再
Cantonese Guangzhou 再, 添 >
Hong Kong 再, 添 >
Yangjiang 應
Gan Nanchang 再, 湊 >
Hakka Meixian 再, 添 >
Jin Taiyuan 再
Northern Min Jian'ou 再, 唵
Eastern Min Fuzhou 再, 蓋, 介
Fuqing 介
Southern Min Xiamen 閣, 閣再
Quanzhou 閣, 閣再
Zhangzhou 閣, 閣再
Tainan 閣, 閣再
Singapore (Hokkien) 閣, 閣再
Manila (Hokkien) 閣, 閣再, 過再, 閣過再
Chaozhou 再
Wu Shanghai 又, 再
Suzhou 再
Wenzhou 再, 添 >
Xiang Changsha 再
Shuangfeng 再, 還
Note > - used after the object
Dialectal synonyms of 還 (“still; yet”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 猶, 尚
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 還, 仍, 尚
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 還
Taiwan 還
Malaysia 還
Singapore 還
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 還
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 還
Xi'an 還
Lanyin Mandarin Lanzhou 還
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 還
Wuhan 還
Guilin 還
Liuzhou 還
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 還
Yangzhou 還
Nantong 還
Hefei 還
Cantonese Guangzhou 重
Hong Kong 重
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 重
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 重
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 重
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 還
Macau 重
Guangzhou (Panyu) 重
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 重
Guangzhou (Conghua) 重
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 重
Foshan 重
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 重
Foshan (Shunde) 重
Foshan (Sanshui) 重
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 重
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 還
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 重
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 重
Zhuhai (Doumen) 還
Jiangmen (Baisha) 還
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 還
Taishan 還
Kaiping (Chikan) 還
Enping (Niujiang) 還
Heshan (Yayao) 重
Dongguan 重
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 重
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 重, 還
Qingyuan 重
Fogang 重
Yingde (Hanguang) 閒
Yangshan 重
Lianshan (Butian) 成
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 重
Shaoguan 重
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 重
Renhua 重
Lechang 重
Sihui 重
Deqing 淨, 重
Huaiji 重
Yunfu 鄭
Xinxing 重
Luoding 重
Yunan (Pingtai) 鄭
Yangjiang 還
Xinyi 重
Nanning 重
Wuzhou 重
Yulin 重
Hepu (Lianzhou) 重
Mengshan (Xihe) 重
Beiliu (Tangliao) 重
Bobai 重
Qinzhou 重
Beihai 重
Ningming 重
Hengzhou 淨
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 重
Singapore (Guangfu) 重
Gan Nanchang 還
Pingxiang 還
Hakka Meixian 還
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 重
Dongguan (Qingxi) 還
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 還
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 還
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 還
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 還
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 還
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 還
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 還
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 還
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 猶
Hong Kong 還
Luchuan (Daqiao) 還
Kuching (Hepo) 還
Huizhou Jixi 還
Jin Taiyuan 還
Northern Min Jian'ou 固, 唵
Eastern Min Fuzhou 固
Matsu 固
Southern Min Xiamen 猶, 猶閣
Quanzhou 猶, 猶閣
Zhangzhou 猶, 猶閣
Zhao'an 還
Tainan 猶, 猶閣
Penang (Hokkien) 閣
Singapore (Hokkien) 猶, 猶閣, 閣
Manila (Hokkien) 猶, 猶閣
Chaozhou 還
Shantou 還
Jieyang 還
Haifeng 還
Singapore (Teochew) 還
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 仲
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 重
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 還
Wu Shanghai 還
Suzhou 還
Danyang 還
Wenzhou 還
Jinhua 還
Xiang Changsha 還
Loudi 還
Shuangfeng 還
Quanzhou 還
Dialectal synonyms of 也 (“also, too”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 亦
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 也
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 也
Taiwan 也
Malaysia 也
Singapore 也
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 也
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 也
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 也
Wuhan 也
Guilin 也
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 也
Hefei 也
Cantonese Guangzhou 都, 亦
Hong Kong 都, 亦, 亦都
Macau 都, 亦 formal
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 都, 也
Taishan 亦
Kaiping (Chikan) 亦, 都, 亦都
Yangjiang 也
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 都
Singapore (Guangfu) 都, 亦都
Gan Nanchang 也
Hakka Meixian 也
Wuhua (Meilin) 也
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 乜
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 乜, 也
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 乜
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 乜
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 乜
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 嘛
Kuching (Hepo) 呠
Huizhou Jixi 也
Jin Taiyuan 也
Northern Min Jian'ou 也
Eastern Min Fuzhou 也
Southern Min Xiamen 也, 嘛
Quanzhou 也, 嘛
Zhangzhou 也, 嘛
Taipei 也, 嘛
Penang (Hokkien) 呠
Singapore (Hokkien) 也, 呠, 嘛
Manila (Hokkien) 也, 嘛, 閣
Chaozhou 也
Shantou 也
Jieyang 也
Singapore (Teochew) 呠, 也, 嘛
Pontianak (Teochew) 也
Wenchang 也
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 都
Wu Shanghai 也
Suzhou 亦
Wenzhou 也
Xiang Changsha 也
Shuangfeng 也

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

trad. 閣
simp. 阁*
alternative forms 𡁤 (ko̍h) Taiwanese Hokkien
咯 (ko̍h) Taiwanese Hokkien

Particle

閣

  1. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Philippine Hokkien) Emphatic final particle used to make requests
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 吧 (“(sentence-final particle used with a command or suggestion)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吧
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 吧
Singapore 啦, 吧
Cantonese Guangzhou 啦
Hong Kong 啦
Singapore (Guangfu) 啦
Southern Min Xiamen 閣
Quanzhou 唷
Zhangzhou 閣
Taipei 喔
Kaohsiung 喔
Singapore (Hokkien) 啦
Manila (Hokkien) 唷, 閣

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

閣

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. tower
  2. tall building
  3. palace

Readings

  • Go-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かんぬき (kannuki)、たな (tana, 閣)、たかどの (takadono, 閣)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
閣
たかどの
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 閣 – see the following entry.
【高殿たかどの】
[noun] lofty palace
[proper noun] a surname
Alternative spelling
楼
(This term, 閣, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 閣 (MC kak). Recorded as Middle Korean 각 (kak) (Yale: kak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

閣 (eumhun 집 각 (jip gak))

  1. hanja form? of 각 (“chamber; pavilion”)
  2. hanja form? of 각 (“cabinet”)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

閣: Hán Nôm readings: các, gác

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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