césaid

Old Irish

Alternative forms

  • céssaid

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷenssāti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷendʰ- (“to suffer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πάσχω (páskhō) and πάθος (páthos).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈkʲeːsɨðʲ]

Verb

césaid (verbal noun céssad)

  1. to suffer, to endure
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 25a10
      Níp imned libsi mo fochidi-se, ꝉ cia chéste ar iriss Críst.
      May my sufferings not be tribulation for you pl, or although you may suffer for Christ’s faith

Inflection

Simple, class A I present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
active passive
singular plural singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present indicative abs.
conj.
rel.
imperfect indicative
preterite abs.
conj.
rel.
perfect deut.
prot.
future abs.
conj.
rel.
conditional
present subjunctive abs. céste
conj.
rel.
past subjunctive
imperative
verbal noun céssad
past participle
verbal of necessity

Descendants

  • Irish: céas
  • Scottish Gaelic: ceus

Mutation

Mutation of césaid
radical lenition nasalization
césaid chésaid césaid
pronounced with /ɡʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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