caluniar

Portuguese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin calumniārī; by surface analysis, calúnia +‎ -ar. Piecewise doublet of coimar.

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ka.lu.niˈa(ʁ)/ [ka.lu.nɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ka.luˈnja(ʁ)/ [ka.luˈnja(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ka.lu.niˈa(ɾ)/ [ka.lu.nɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ka.luˈnja(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ka.lu.niˈa(ʁ)/ [ka.lu.nɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ka.luˈnja(ʁ)/ [ka.luˈnja(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ka.lu.niˈa(ɻ)/ [ka.lu.nɪˈa(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /ka.luˈnja(ɻ)/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /kɐ.luˈnjaɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /kɐ.luˈnja.ɾi/

  • Hyphenation: ca‧lu‧ni‧ar

Verb

caluniar (first-person singular present calunio, first-person singular preterite caluniei, past participle caluniado)

  1. to calumniate; to slander (to make hurtful untrue statements)
    Synonyms: injuriar, difamar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of caluniar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal caluniar
Personal caluniar caluniares caluniar caluniarmos caluniardes caluniarem
Gerund
caluniando
Past participle
Masculine caluniado caluniados
Feminine caluniada caluniadas
Indicative
Present calunio calunias calunia caluniamos caluniais caluniam
Imperfect caluniava caluniavas caluniava caluniávamos caluniáveis caluniavam
Preterite caluniei caluniaste caluniou caluniamos1, caluniámos2 caluniastes caluniaram
Pluperfect caluniara caluniaras caluniara caluniáramos caluniáreis caluniaram
Future caluniarei caluniarás caluniará caluniaremos caluniareis caluniarão
Conditional caluniaria caluniarias caluniaria caluniaríamos caluniaríeis caluniariam
Subjunctive
Present calunie calunies calunie caluniemos calunieis caluniem
Imperfect caluniasse caluniasses caluniasse caluniássemos caluniásseis caluniassem
Future caluniar caluniares caluniar caluniarmos caluniardes caluniarem
Imperative
Affirmative calunia calunie caluniemos caluniai caluniem
Negative (não) não calunies não calunie não caluniemos não calunieis não caluniem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Further reading

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