croith

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish crothaid.[2] Probably not related to crith (“to shake, tremble”), which generally refers to unintentional shaking (for example, with cold or fear, or of an inanimate object like a tree or the earth).

Pronunciation

Verb

croith (present analytic croitheann, future analytic croithfidh, verbal noun croitheadh, past participle croite)

  1. (ambitransitive) to shake
  2. (transitive) to scatter, sprinkle (seeds, powder etc.)
  3. (ambitransitive) to wave (move back and forth; also of waving the hand in greeting or farewell)

Conjugation

conjugation of croith (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun croitheadh
past participle croite
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present croithim croitheann tú;
croithir† 		croitheann sé, sí croithimid croitheann sibh croitheann siad;
croithid† 		a chroitheann; a chroitheas /
a gcroitheann* 		croitear
past chroith mé; chroitheas chroith tú; chroithis chroith sé, sí chroitheamar; chroith muid chroith sibh; chroitheabhair chroith siad; chroitheadar a chroith /
ar chroith* 		croitheadh
past habitual chroithinn / gcroithinn‡‡ chroiteá / gcroiteᇇ chroitheadh sé, sí / gcroitheadh sé, s퇇 chroithimis; chroitheadh muid / gcroithimis‡‡; gcroitheadh muid‡‡ chroitheadh sibh / gcroitheadh sibh‡‡ chroithidís; chroitheadh siad / gcroithidís‡‡; gcroitheadh siad‡‡ a chroitheadh /
a gcroitheadh* 		chroití / gcroit퇇
future croithfidh mé;
croithfead 		croithfidh tú;
croithfir† 		croithfidh sé, sí croithfimid;
croithfidh muid 		croithfidh sibh croithfidh siad;
croithfid† 		a chroithfidh; a chroithfeas /
a gcroithfidh* 		croithfear
conditional chroithfinn / gcroithfinn‡‡ chroithfeá / gcroithfeᇇ chroithfeadh sé, sí / gcroithfeadh sé, s퇇 chroithfimis; chroithfeadh muid / gcroithfimis‡‡; gcroithfeadh muid‡‡ chroithfeadh sibh / gcroithfeadh sibh‡‡ chroithfidís; chroithfeadh siad / gcroithfidís‡‡; gcroithfeadh siad‡‡ a chroithfeadh /
a gcroithfeadh* 		chroithfí / gcroithf퇇
subjunctive
present go gcroithe mé;
go gcroithead† 		go gcroithe tú;
go gcroithir† 		go gcroithe sé, sí go gcroithimid;
go gcroithe muid 		go gcroithe sibh go gcroithe siad;
go gcroithid† 		— go gcroitear
past dá gcroithinn dá gcroiteá dá gcroitheadh sé, sí dá gcroithimis;
dá gcroitheadh muid 		dá gcroitheadh sibh dá gcroithidís;
dá gcroitheadh siad 		— dá gcroití
imperative
– croithim croith croitheadh sé, sí croithimis croithigí;
croithidh† 		croithidís — croitear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of croith
radical lenition eclipsis
croith chroith gcroith

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

References
  1. ^ “croith”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crothaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. ^ Ó Máille, T. S. (1974) Liosta Focal as Ros Muc [Word List from Rosmuck] (in Irish), Baile Átha Cliath [Dublin]: Irish University Press, →ISBN, page 56
  4. ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 181, page 78
  5. ^ Stockman, Gerard (1974) The Irish of Achill, Co. Mayo (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 2), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast, section 824, page 85
  6. ^ Hamilton, John Noel (1974) A Phonetic Study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 3), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University Belfast, page 261
  7. ^ Ó Searcaigh, Séamus (1925) Foghraidheacht Ghaedhilge an Tuaiscirt [Pronunciation of Northern Irish]‎[1] (in Irish), Béal Feirste [Belfast]: Brún agus Ó Nualláin [Browne and Nolan], section 112, page 49
  8. ^ Wagner, Heinrich (1959) Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 320, page 116; reprinted 1979

Further reading

  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927) “croṫaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 272; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “croith”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
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