cruas

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish crúas (hardness, stiffness, rigour), from crúaid (hard, hardy, harsh; stern, strict) (compare modern crua).

Noun

cruas m (genitive singular cruais)

  1. hardness
  2. stinginess

Declension

Declension of cruas (first declension, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative cruas
vocative a chruais
genitive cruais
dative cruas
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an cruas
genitive an chruais
dative leis an gcruas
don chruas

Mutation

Mutated forms of cruas
radical lenition eclipsis
cruas chruas gcruas

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Old Galician-Portuguese

Adjective

cruas

  1. feminine plural of cruu

Portuguese

Adjective

cruas

  1. feminine plural of cru

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish crúas (hardness, stiffness, rigour), from crúaid (hard, hardy, harsh; stern, strict) (compare modern cruaidh, which probably shares the same ultimate root).

Noun

cruas m (genitive singular cruais, no plural)

  1. difficulty, hardship, crisis, severity, durability, distress, rigour
  2. illiberality, stinginess

Synonyms

  • (illiberality): mì-shuairceas, neo-fhialaidheachd, neo-fhlathaileachd, neo-uaisle

Mutation

Mutation of cruas
radical lenition
cruas chruas

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “cruas”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crúas”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language