držati

See also: дръжати

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьržati.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dř̩ʒati/
  • Hyphenation: dr‧ža‧ti

Verb

dr̀žati impf (Cyrillic spelling др̀жати)

  1. (transitive) to hold, grasp
  2. (transitive) to bear, support
  3. (transitive) to consider
  4. (reflexive) to behave, act
  5. (reflexive) to mind, care about

Conjugation

Conjugation of dr̀žati
infinitive dr̀žati
present verbal adverb dr̀žēći
past verbal adverb dr̀žāvši
verbal noun dr̀žānje
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present dr̀žīm dr̀žīš dr̀žī dr̀žīmo dr̀žīte dr̀žē
future future I dr̀žat ću1
dr̀žaću 		dr̀žat ćeš1
dr̀žaćeš 		dr̀žat će1
dr̀žaće 		dr̀žat ćemo1
dr̀žaćemo 		dr̀žat ćete1
dr̀žaćete 		dr̀žat ćē1
dr̀žaće
future II bȕdēm dr̀žao2 bȕdēš dr̀žao2 bȕdē dr̀žao2 bȕdēmo dr̀žali2 bȕdēte dr̀žali2 bȕdū dr̀žali2
past perfect dr̀žao sam2 dr̀žao si2 dr̀žao je2 dr̀žali smo2 dr̀žali ste2 dr̀žali su2
pluperfect3 bȉo sam dr̀žao2 bȉo si dr̀žao2 bȉo je dr̀žao2 bíli smo dr̀žali2 bíli ste dr̀žali2 bíli su dr̀žali2
aorist dr̀žah dr̀ža dr̀ža dr̀žasmo dr̀žaste dr̀žaše
imperfect dr̀žāh dr̀žāše dr̀žāše dr̀žāsmo dr̀žāste dr̀žāhu
conditional conditional I dr̀žao bih2 dr̀žao bi2 dr̀žao bi2 dr̀žali bismo2 dr̀žali biste2 dr̀žali bi2
conditional II4 bȉo bih dr̀žao2 bȉo bi dr̀žao2 bȉo bi dr̀žao2 bíli bismo dr̀žali2 bíli biste dr̀žali2 bíli bi dr̀žali2
imperative — dr̀ži — dr̀žimo dr̀žite —
active past participle dr̀žao m / dr̀žala f / dr̀žalo n dr̀žali m / dr̀žale f / dr̀žala n
passive past participle dr̀žān m / dr̀žāna f / dr̀žāno n dr̀žāni m / dr̀žāne f / dr̀žāna n

1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “držati”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *dьržati.

Verb

držáti impf

  1. to be true
    Synonym: biti res
    Drži! ― It's true!
  2. (transitive) to hold, grasp
  3. (transitive) to stick to, abide by, keep to
    Synonym: upoštevati
    Glej, da se držiš roka. ― Mind to meet the deadline.
  4. (transitive) (figurative) to have a hold on, keep in check, control
    Držal ga je v šahu / pesti. ― He was keeping him under his control.
  5. (reflexive) to be attached to, touch
    Hiša se drži hleva. ― The house is attached to the barn.
  6. (reflexive) to stick
    Vedno se držim pravil. ― I always stick to the rules.
    Drži se ga kot klop. ― She sticks to him like glue.
  7. (reflexive) to show feelings, grimace (usually negatively)
    Synonym: kremžiti
    Zakaj se tako grdo držiš? ― Why are you grimacing like that?

Further reading

  • “držati”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “držati”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references
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