gjóta

Icelandic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈcouːta/
  • Rhymes: -ouːta

Etymology 1

From Old Norse gjóta, from Proto-Germanic *geutaną. Cognate with Swedish gjuta, Norwegian Bokmål and Nynorsk gyte, Danish gyde, Old English ġēotan, Dutch gieten.

Verb

gjóta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative gaut, third-person plural past indicative gutu, supine gotið)

  1. to spawn, to give birth to [with dative]
    Synonym: ala
Conjugation
gjóta – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur gjóta
supine sagnbót gotið
present participle
gjótandi
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég gýt gaut gjóti gyti
þú gýtur gaust gjótir gytir
hann, hún, það gýtur gaut gjóti gyti
plural við gjótum gutum gjótum gytum
þið gjótið gutuð gjótið gytuð
þeir, þær, þau gjóta gutu gjóti gytu
imperative boðháttur
singular þú gjót (þú), gjóttu
plural þið gjótið (þið), gjótiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
gotinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
gotinn gotin gotið gotnir gotnar gotin
accusative
(þolfall)
gotinn gotna gotið gotna gotnar gotin
dative
(þágufall)
gotnum gotinni gotnu gotnum gotnum gotnum
genitive
(eignarfall)
gotins gotinnar gotins gotinna gotinna gotinna
weak declension
(veik beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
gotni gotna gotna gotnu gotnu gotnu
accusative
(þolfall)
gotna gotnu gotna gotnu gotnu gotnu
dative
(þágufall)
gotna gotnu gotna gotnu gotnu gotnu
genitive
(eignarfall)
gotna gotnu gotna gotnu gotnu gotnu

Etymology 2

Noun

gjóta f (genitive singular gjótu, nominative plural gjótur)

  1. hollow, hole
Declension
Declension of gjóta (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative gjóta gjótan gjótur gjóturnar
accusative gjótu gjótuna gjótur gjóturnar
dative gjótu gjótunni gjótum gjótunum
genitive gjótu gjótunnar gjóta, gjótna gjótanna, gjótnanna

Old Norse

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *geutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (to pour).

Verb

gjóta (singular past indicative gaut, plural past indicative gutu, past participle gotinn)

  1. to pour
  2. to cast
  3. (by extension) to spawn

Conjugation

Conjugation of gjóta — active (strong class 2)
infinitive gjóta
present participle gjótandi
past participle gotinn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular gýt gaus gjóta gyta
2nd person singular gýtr gauzt gjótir gytir
3rd person singular gýtr gaus gjóti gyti
1st person plural gjótum gutum gjótim gytim
2nd person plural gjótið gutuð gjótið gytið
3rd person plural gjóta gutu gjóti gyti
imperative present
2nd person singular gjót
1st person plural gjótum
2nd person plural gjótið
Conjugation of gjóta — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive gjótask
present participle gjótandisk
past participle gotizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular gjótumk gutumk gjótumk gytumk
2nd person singular gýzk gauzk gjótisk gytisk
3rd person singular gýzk gauzk gjótisk gytisk
1st person plural gjótumsk gutumsk gjótimsk gytimsk
2nd person plural gjótizk gutuzk gjótizk gytizk
3rd person plural gjótask gutusk gjótisk gytisk
imperative present
2nd person singular gýzk
1st person plural gjótumsk
2nd person plural gjótizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: gjóta
  • Faroese: gýta
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gjota, gyta
  • Dalian:
    • Mora: gjota
    • Elfdalian: djuta
  • Old Swedish: giūta
  • Danish: gyde
    • Norwegian Bokmål: gyte
  • Gutnish: giauta

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “gjóta”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 166; also available at the Internet Archive