gleðja

Icelandic

Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse gleðja, from Proto-Germanic *gladjaną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈklɛðja/
    Rhymes: -ɛðja

Verb

gleðja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative gladdi, supine glatt)

  1. to gladden, make happy [with accusative]

Conjugation

gleðja – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur gleðja
supine sagnbót glatt
present participle
gleðjandi
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég gleð gladdi gleðji gleddi
þú gleður gladdir gleðjir gleddir
hann, hún, það gleður gladdi gleðji gleddi
plural við gleðjum glöddum gleðjum gleddum
þið gleðjið glödduð gleðjið gledduð
þeir, þær, þau gleðja glöddu gleðji gleddu
imperative boðháttur
singular þú gleð (þú), gleddu
plural þið gleðjið (þið), gleðjiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
gleðjast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur gleðjast
supine sagnbót glaðst
present participle
gleðjandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég gleðst gladdist gleðjist gleddist
þú gleðst gladdist gleðjist gleddist
hann, hún, það gleðst gladdist gleðjist gleddist
plural við gleðjumst glöddumst gleðjumst gleddumst
þið gleðjist glöddust gleðjist gleddust
þeir, þær, þau gleðjast glöddust gleðjist gleddust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú gleðst (þú), gleðstu
plural þið gleðist (þið), gleðisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
gladdur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
gladdur gladd glatt gladdir gladdar gladd
accusative
(þolfall)
gladdan gladda glatt gladda gladdar gladd
dative
(þágufall)
gladdum gladdri gladdu gladdum gladdum gladdum
genitive
(eignarfall)
gladds gladdrar gladds gleddra gleddra gleddra
weak declension
(veik beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
gladdi gladda gladda gladdu gladdu gladdu
accusative
(þolfall)
gladda gladdu gladda gladdu gladdu gladdu
dative
(þágufall)
gladda gladdu gladda gladdu gladdu gladdu
genitive
(eignarfall)
gladda gladdu gladda gladdu gladdu gladdu

Derived terms

Old Norse

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *gladjaną, equivalent to glaðr (glad, happy) + -ja (causative verb suffix)

Verb

gleðja (singular past indicative gladdi, plural past indicative glǫddu, past participle gladdr)

  1. to gladden, to make glad
  2. (mediopassive) to rejoice

Conjugation

Conjugation of gleðja — active (weak class 1)
infinitive gleðja
present participle gleðjandi
past participle gladdr
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular gleð gladda gleðja gledda
2nd person singular gleðr gladdir gleðir gleddir
3rd person singular gleðr gladdi gleði gleddi
1st person plural gleðjum glǫddum gleðim gleddim
2nd person plural gleðið glǫdduð gleðið gleddið
3rd person plural gleðja glǫddu gleði gleddi
imperative present
2nd person singular gleð
1st person plural gleðjum
2nd person plural gleðið
Conjugation of gleðja — mediopassive (weak class 1)
infinitive gleðjask
present participle gleðjandisk
past participle glazk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular gleðjumk glǫddumk gleðjumk gleddumk
2nd person singular glezk gladdisk gleðisk gleddisk
3rd person singular glezk gladdisk gleðisk gleddisk
1st person plural gleðjumsk glǫddumsk gleðimsk gleddimsk
2nd person plural gleðizk glǫdduzk gleðizk gleddizk
3rd person plural gleðjask glǫddusk gleðisk gleddisk
imperative present
2nd person singular glezk
1st person plural gleðjumsk
2nd person plural gleðizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: gleðja
  • Faroese: gleða
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gle, gleda, glede (long form)
  • Norwegian Bokmål: glede
  • Danish: glæde
  • Old Swedish: glæþia

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “gleðja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 167; also available at the Internet Archive