gníid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *gniyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈɡʲnʲiː.iðʲ]

Verb

gníid (conjunct ·gní, verbal noun gním)

  1. to do
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 3c30
      na·gníu-sa iárnairgairiu
      I do it after it is forbidden.
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 143a6
      Is hinonn persan gnís ⁊ fo·daim.
      It is the same person who acts and suffers.
  2. to make
    • c. 750-800 Tairired na nDessi from Rawlinson B 502, published in "The Expulsion of the Dessi", Y Cymmrodor (1901, Society of Cymmrodorion), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, vol. 14, pp. 104-135, paragraph 3
      Is desin ro·gníd Ocheill for Temraig sechtair […]
      Hence Achaill was built by the side of Tara...
  3. to work
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51b10
      In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.
      When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.

Conjugation

Simple, class A III present, reduplicated s preterite, é future, e subjunctive
active passive
singular plural singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present indicative abs. gníid gnítir
conj. ·gníu ·gní ·gníid ·gníther
rel. gnís gníte gníter
imperfect indicative ·gníad
preterite abs. génais
conj. ·géni ·génset ·gníth ·gnítha
rel.
perfect deut. ro·géni ro·génset ro·gníth; ro·gníd ro·gnítha
prot.
future abs.
conj.
rel. génas génde
conditional
present subjunctive abs.
conj.
rel. gnete
past subjunctive ·gnemmis ·gnetis
imperative
verbal noun gním
past participle gnethae
verbal of necessity

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutation of gníid
radical lenition nasalization
gníid gníid
pronounced with /ɣʲ-/		 ngníid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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