gramaticalizar

Portuguese

Etymology

From gramatical +‎ -izar.

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ɡɾa.ma.t͡ʃi.ka.liˈza(ʁ)/ [ɡɾa.ma.t͡ʃi.ka.liˈza(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ɡɾa.ma.t͡ʃi.ka.liˈza(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ɡɾa.ma.t͡ʃi.ka.liˈza(ʁ)/ [ɡɾa.ma.t͡ʃi.ka.liˈza(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ɡɾa.ma.t͡ʃi.ka.liˈza(ɻ)/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɡɾɐ.mɐ.ti.kɐ.liˈzaɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /ɡɾɐ.mɐ.ti.kɐ.liˈza.ɾi/

  • Hyphenation: gra‧ma‧ti‧ca‧li‧zar

Verb

gramaticalizar (first-person singular present gramaticalizo, first-person singular preterite gramaticalizei, past participle gramaticalizado)

  1. (linguistics) to grammaticalize

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gramaticalizar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal gramaticalizar
Personal gramaticalizar gramaticalizares gramaticalizar gramaticalizarmos gramaticalizardes gramaticalizarem
Gerund
gramaticalizando
Past participle
Masculine gramaticalizado gramaticalizados
Feminine gramaticalizada gramaticalizadas
Indicative
Present gramaticalizo gramaticalizas gramaticaliza gramaticalizamos gramaticalizais gramaticalizam
Imperfect gramaticalizava gramaticalizavas gramaticalizava gramaticalizávamos gramaticalizáveis gramaticalizavam
Preterite gramaticalizei gramaticalizaste gramaticalizou gramaticalizamos1, gramaticalizámos2 gramaticalizastes gramaticalizaram
Pluperfect gramaticalizara gramaticalizaras gramaticalizara gramaticalizáramos gramaticalizáreis gramaticalizaram
Future gramaticalizarei gramaticalizarás gramaticalizará gramaticalizaremos gramaticalizareis gramaticalizarão
Conditional gramaticalizaria gramaticalizarias gramaticalizaria gramaticalizaríamos gramaticalizaríeis gramaticalizariam
Subjunctive
Present gramaticalize gramaticalizes gramaticalize gramaticalizemos gramaticalizeis gramaticalizem
Imperfect gramaticalizasse gramaticalizasses gramaticalizasse gramaticalizássemos gramaticalizásseis gramaticalizassem
Future gramaticalizar gramaticalizares gramaticalizar gramaticalizarmos gramaticalizardes gramaticalizarem
Imperative
Affirmative gramaticaliza gramaticalize gramaticalizemos gramaticalizai gramaticalizem
Negative (não) não gramaticalizes não gramaticalize não gramaticalizemos não gramaticalizeis não gramaticalizem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Derived terms

  • gramaticalização

Further reading

Spanish

Etymology

From gramatical +‎ -izar.

Verb

gramaticalizar (first-person singular present gramaticalizo, first-person singular preterite gramaticalicé, past participle gramaticalizado)

  1. to grammaticalize

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gramaticalizar (c-z alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive gramaticalizar
gerund gramaticalizando
past participle masculine feminine
singular gramaticalizado gramaticalizada
plural gramaticalizados gramaticalizadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present gramaticalizo gramaticalizastú
gramaticalizásvos 		gramaticaliza gramaticalizamos gramaticalizáis gramaticalizan
imperfect gramaticalizaba gramaticalizabas gramaticalizaba gramaticalizábamos gramaticalizabais gramaticalizaban
preterite gramaticalicé gramaticalizaste gramaticalizó gramaticalizamos gramaticalizasteis gramaticalizaron
future gramaticalizaré gramaticalizarás gramaticalizará gramaticalizaremos gramaticalizaréis gramaticalizarán
conditional gramaticalizaría gramaticalizarías gramaticalizaría gramaticalizaríamos gramaticalizaríais gramaticalizarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present gramaticalice gramaticalicestú
gramaticalicésvos2 		gramaticalice gramaticalicemos gramaticalicéis gramaticalicen
imperfect
(ra) 		gramaticalizara gramaticalizaras gramaticalizara gramaticalizáramos gramaticalizarais gramaticalizaran
imperfect
(se) 		gramaticalizase gramaticalizases gramaticalizase gramaticalizásemos gramaticalizaseis gramaticalizasen
future1 gramaticalizare gramaticalizares gramaticalizare gramaticalizáremos gramaticalizareis gramaticalizaren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative gramaticalizatú
gramaticalizávos 		gramaticalice gramaticalicemos gramaticalizad gramaticalicen
negative no gramaticalices no gramaticalice no gramaticalicemos no gramaticalicéis no gramaticalicen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of gramaticalizar (c-z alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive gramaticalizar dative gramaticalizarme gramaticalizarte gramaticalizarle, gramaticalizarse gramaticalizarnos gramaticalizaros gramaticalizarles, gramaticalizarse
accusative gramaticalizarme gramaticalizarte gramaticalizarlo, gramaticalizarla, gramaticalizarse gramaticalizarnos gramaticalizaros gramaticalizarlos, gramaticalizarlas, gramaticalizarse
with gerund gramaticalizando dative gramaticalizándome gramaticalizándote gramaticalizándole, gramaticalizándose gramaticalizándonos gramaticalizándoos gramaticalizándoles, gramaticalizándose
accusative gramaticalizándome gramaticalizándote gramaticalizándolo, gramaticalizándola, gramaticalizándose gramaticalizándonos gramaticalizándoos gramaticalizándolos, gramaticalizándolas, gramaticalizándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative gramaticaliza dative gramaticalízame gramaticalízate gramaticalízale gramaticalízanos not used gramaticalízales
accusative gramaticalízame gramaticalízate gramaticalízalo, gramaticalízala gramaticalízanos not used gramaticalízalos, gramaticalízalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative gramaticalizá dative gramaticalizame gramaticalizate gramaticalizale gramaticalizanos not used gramaticalizales
accusative gramaticalizame gramaticalizate gramaticalizalo, gramaticalizala gramaticalizanos not used gramaticalizalos, gramaticalizalas
with formal second-person singular imperative gramaticalice dative gramaticalíceme not used gramaticalícele, gramaticalícese gramaticalícenos not used gramaticalíceles
accusative gramaticalíceme not used gramaticalícelo, gramaticalícela, gramaticalícese gramaticalícenos not used gramaticalícelos, gramaticalícelas
with first-person plural imperative gramaticalicemos dative not used gramaticalicémoste gramaticalicémosle gramaticalicémonos gramaticalicémoos gramaticalicémosles
accusative not used gramaticalicémoste gramaticalicémoslo, gramaticalicémosla gramaticalicémonos gramaticalicémoos gramaticalicémoslos, gramaticalicémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative gramaticalizad dative gramaticalizadme not used gramaticalizadle gramaticalizadnos gramaticalizaos gramaticalizadles
accusative gramaticalizadme not used gramaticalizadlo, gramaticalizadla gramaticalizadnos gramaticalizaos gramaticalizadlos, gramaticalizadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative gramaticalicen dative gramaticalícenme not used gramaticalícenle gramaticalícennos not used gramaticalícenles, gramaticalícense
accusative gramaticalícenme not used gramaticalícenlo, gramaticalícenla gramaticalícennos not used gramaticalícenlos, gramaticalícenlas, gramaticalícense

Further reading

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