herja

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse herja, from Proto-Germanic *harjōną.

Verb

herja (third person singular past indicative herjaði, third person plural past indicative herjað, supine herjað)

  1. To wage war
  2. To ravage, to plunder

Conjugation

Conjugation of (group v-30)
infinitive
supine herjað
present past
first singular herji herjaði
second singular herjar herjaði
third singular herjar herjaði
plural herja herjaðu
participle (a6)1 herjandi herjaður
imperative
singular herja!
plural herjið!

1Only the past participle being declined.

Antonyms

Derived terms

Finnish

Etymology

Likely borrowed from Old Norse herja (compare Swedish härja (“to wage war”)). Cognate with Karelian herja (“bad, evil, villain”), Estonian heris (“villain”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈherjɑ/, [ˈhe̞rjɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -erjɑ
  • Syllabification(key): her‧ja
  • Hyphenation(key): her‧ja

Noun

herja

  1. slur, insult
  2. (informal) joking, banter, crack, quip
  3. (colloquial, computing) error, error message
  4. (archaic) villain
  5. (archaic) predator, beast of prey
  6. (archaic) evil spirit (of throat disease), demon

Declension

Inflection of herja (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative herja herjat
genitive herjan herjojen
partitive herjaa herjoja
illative herjaan herjoihin
singular plural
nominative herja herjat
accusative nom. herja herjat
gen. herjan
genitive herjan herjojen
herjain rare
partitive herjaa herjoja
inessive herjassa herjoissa
elative herjasta herjoista
illative herjaan herjoihin
adessive herjalla herjoilla
ablative herjalta herjoilta
allative herjalle herjoille
essive herjana herjoina
translative herjaksi herjoiksi
abessive herjatta herjoitta
instructive — herjoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of herja (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative herjani herjani
accusative nom. herjani herjani
gen. herjani
genitive herjani herjojeni
herjaini rare
partitive herjaani herjojani
inessive herjassani herjoissani
elative herjastani herjoistani
illative herjaani herjoihini
adessive herjallani herjoillani
ablative herjaltani herjoiltani
allative herjalleni herjoilleni
essive herjanani herjoinani
translative herjakseni herjoikseni
abessive herjattani herjoittani
instructive — —
comitative — herjoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative herjasi herjasi
accusative nom. herjasi herjasi
gen. herjasi
genitive herjasi herjojesi
herjaisi rare
partitive herjaasi herjojasi
inessive herjassasi herjoissasi
elative herjastasi herjoistasi
illative herjaasi herjoihisi
adessive herjallasi herjoillasi
ablative herjaltasi herjoiltasi
allative herjallesi herjoillesi
essive herjanasi herjoinasi
translative herjaksesi herjoiksesi
abessive herjattasi herjoittasi
instructive — —
comitative — herjoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative herjamme herjamme
accusative nom. herjamme herjamme
gen. herjamme
genitive herjamme herjojemme
herjaimme rare
partitive herjaamme herjojamme
inessive herjassamme herjoissamme
elative herjastamme herjoistamme
illative herjaamme herjoihimme
adessive herjallamme herjoillamme
ablative herjaltamme herjoiltamme
allative herjallemme herjoillemme
essive herjanamme herjoinamme
translative herjaksemme herjoiksemme
abessive herjattamme herjoittamme
instructive — —
comitative — herjoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative herjanne herjanne
accusative nom. herjanne herjanne
gen. herjanne
genitive herjanne herjojenne
herjainne rare
partitive herjaanne herjojanne
inessive herjassanne herjoissanne
elative herjastanne herjoistanne
illative herjaanne herjoihinne
adessive herjallanne herjoillanne
ablative herjaltanne herjoiltanne
allative herjallenne herjoillenne
essive herjananne herjoinanne
translative herjaksenne herjoiksenne
abessive herjattanne herjoittanne
instructive — —
comitative — herjoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative herjansa herjansa
accusative nom. herjansa herjansa
gen. herjansa
genitive herjansa herjojensa
herjainsa rare
partitive herjaansa herjojaan
herjojansa
inessive herjassaan
herjassansa 		herjoissaan
herjoissansa
elative herjastaan
herjastansa 		herjoistaan
herjoistansa
illative herjaansa herjoihinsa
adessive herjallaan
herjallansa 		herjoillaan
herjoillansa
ablative herjaltaan
herjaltansa 		herjoiltaan
herjoiltansa
allative herjalleen
herjallensa 		herjoilleen
herjoillensa
essive herjanaan
herjanansa 		herjoinaan
herjoinansa
translative herjakseen
herjaksensa 		herjoikseen
herjoiksensa
abessive herjattaan
herjattansa 		herjoittaan
herjoittansa
instructive — —
comitative — herjoineen
herjoinensa

Quotations

  • For quotations using this term, see Citations:herja.

Synonyms

Derived terms

compounds

See also

References

  1. ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Further reading

Anagrams

Icelandic

Noun

herja

  1. indefinite genitive plural of her

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Verb

herja

  1. inflection of herje:
    1. simple past
    2. past participle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Norse herja, from Proto-Germanic *harjōną.

Verb

herja (present tense herjar, past tense herja, past participle herja, passive infinitive herjast, present participle herjande, imperative herja/herj)

  1. to devastate, ravage, lay waste

References

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *harjōną.

Verb

herja

  1. to go harrying or freebooting
  2. to despoil, waste [with accusative]

Conjugation

Conjugation of herja — active (weak class 2)
infinitive herja
present participle herjandi
past participle herjaðr
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular herja herjaða herja herjaða
2nd person singular herjar herjaðir herir herjaðir
3rd person singular herjar herjaði herir herjaði
1st person plural herjum herjuðum herim herjaðim
2nd person plural herið herjuðuð herið herjaðið
3rd person plural herja herjuðu heri herjaði
imperative present
2nd person singular herja
1st person plural herjum
2nd person plural herið
Conjugation of herja — mediopassive (weak class 2)
infinitive herjask
present participle herjandisk
past participle herjazk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular herjumk herjuðumk herjumk herjuðumk
2nd person singular herjask herjaðisk herisk herjaðisk
3rd person singular herjask herjaðisk herisk herjaðisk
1st person plural herjumsk herjuðumsk herimsk herjaðimsk
2nd person plural herizk herjuðuzk herizk herjaðizk
3rd person plural herjask herjuðusk herisk herjaðisk
imperative present
2nd person singular herjask
1st person plural herjumsk
2nd person plural herizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: herja
  • Faroese: herja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: herja
  • Old Swedish: hæria
  • Old Danish: hæriæ
    • Danish: hærge
      • Early Norwegian Bokmål: hærje
        • Norwegian Bokmål: herje (also from Norwegian herja)

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “herja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
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