hrinda

See also: Hrinda

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse hrinda, from Proto-Germanic *hrindaną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈr̥ɪnta/
    Rhymes: -ɪnta

Verb

hrinda (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative hratt, third-person plural past indicative hrundu, supine hrundið) or
hrinda (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative hrinti, supine hrint)

  1. to push, shove [with dative]
    Hún hrinti mér!
    She pushed me!
    Áhöld eru um hvort Gunnar hafi dottið niður stigann eða honum verið hrint.
    It is debated whether Gunnar fell down the stairs or was pushed.
  2. (figuratively) to get something going, to push into action, often used in set phrases such as hrinda í framkvæmd (to put into effect) or hrinda af stað (to start). [with dative]
    Í maí var verkinu loks hrundið í framkvæmd.
    The project was finally started in May.
    hrinda af stað byltingu.
    To start a revolution.
    hrinda af stað fyrirtæki.
    To start a company.

Usage notes

The strong conjugation is mostly used for sense 2. Moreover, weak forms are now always used in the present tense and the original strong forms in singular present indicative (hrind, hrindur) are obsolete.

Conjugation

Strong conjugation:

hrinda – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur hrinda
supine sagnbót hrundið
present participle
hrindandi
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég hrind hratt hrindi hryndi
þú hrindur hrast hrindir hryndir
hann, hún, það hrindur hratt hrindi hryndi
plural við hrindum hrundum hrindum hryndum
þið hrindið hrunduð hrindið hrynduð
þeir, þær, þau hrinda hrundu hrindi hryndu
imperative boðháttur
singular þú hrind (þú), hrittu
plural þið hrindið (þið), hrindiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
hrindast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur að hrindast
supine sagnbót hrundist
present participle
hrindandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég hrinst hrast hrindist hryndist
þú hrinst hrast hrindist hryndist
hann, hún, það hrinst hrast hrindist hryndist
plural við hrindumst hrundumst hrindumst hryndumst
þið hrindist hrundust hrindist hryndust
þeir, þær, þau hrindast hrundust hrindist hryndust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú hrinst (þú), hrinstu
plural þið hrindist (þið), hrindisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
hrundinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
hrundinn hrundin hrundið hrundnir hrundnar hrundin
accusative
(þolfall)
hrundinn hrundna hrundið hrundna hrundnar hrundin
dative
(þágufall)
hrundnum hrundinni hrundnu hrundnum hrundnum hrundnum
genitive
(eignarfall)
hrundins hrundinnar hrundins hrundinna hrundinna hrundinna
weak declension
(veik beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
hrundni hrundna hrundna hrundnu hrundnu hrundnu
accusative
(þolfall)
hrundna hrundnu hrundna hrundnu hrundnu hrundnu
dative
(þágufall)
hrundna hrundnu hrundna hrundnu hrundnu hrundnu
genitive
(eignarfall)
hrundna hrundnu hrundna hrundnu hrundnu hrundnu

Weak conjugation:

hrinda – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur hrinda
supine sagnbót hrint
present participle
hrindandi
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég hrindi hrinti hrindi hrinti
þú hrindir hrintir hrindir hrintir
hann, hún, það hrindir hrinti hrindi hrinti
plural við hrindum hrintum hrindum hrintum
þið hrindið hrintuð hrindið hrintuð
þeir, þær, þau hrinda hrintu hrindi hrintu
imperative boðháttur
singular þú hrind (þú), hrintu
plural þið hrindið (þið), hrindiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
hrindast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur að hrindast
supine sagnbót hrinst
present participle
hrindandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég hrindist hrintist hrindist hrintist
þú hrindist hrintist hrindist hrintist
hann, hún, það hrindist hrintist hrindist hrintist
plural við hrindumst hrintumst hrindumst hrintumst
þið hrindist hrintust hrindist hrintust
þeir, þær, þau hrindast hrintust hrindist hrintust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú hrinst (þú), hrinstu
plural þið hrindist (þið), hrindisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
hrintur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
hrintur hrint hrint hrintir hrintar hrint
accusative
(þolfall)
hrintan hrinta hrint hrinta hrintar hrint
dative
(þágufall)
hrintum hrintri hrintu hrintum hrintum hrintum
genitive
(eignarfall)
hrints hrintrar hrints hrintra hrintra hrintra
weak declension
(veik beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
hrinti hrinta hrinta hrintu hrintu hrintu
accusative
(þolfall)
hrinta hrintu hrinta hrintu hrintu hrintu
dative
(þágufall)
hrinta hrintu hrinta hrintu hrintu hrintu
genitive
(eignarfall)
hrinta hrintu hrinta hrintu hrintu hrintu

Derived terms

  • hrinda í framkvæmd (to put something into effect)
  • hrinda af stað (to start) (synonym koma af stað)
  • hrinda árás (to repel an attack)
  • hrinda frá sér vatni (to be water-repellent, to repel water)

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hrindaną.

Verb

hrinda (singular past indicative hratt, plural past indicative hrundu, past participle hrundinn)

  1. to push, thrust [with dative]
  2. to throw off
    1. (law) to void a case

Conjugation

Conjugation of hrinda — active (strong class 3)
infinitive hrinda
present participle hrindandi
past participle hrundinn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular hrind hratt hrinda hrynda
2nd person singular hrindr hrazt hrindir hryndir
3rd person singular hrindr hratt hrindi hryndi
1st person plural hrindum hrundum hrindim hryndim
2nd person plural hrindið hrunduð hrindið hryndið
3rd person plural hrinda hrundu hrindi hryndi
imperative present
2nd person singular hritt
1st person plural hrindum
2nd person plural hrindið
Conjugation of hrinda — mediopassive (strong class 3)
infinitive hrindask
present participle hrindandisk
past participle hrundizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular hrindumk hrundumk hrindumk hryndumk
2nd person singular hrinzk hrazk hrindisk hryndisk
3rd person singular hrinzk hrazk hrindisk hryndisk
1st person plural hrindumsk hrundumsk hrindimsk hryndimsk
2nd person plural hrindizk hrunduzk hrindizk hryndizk
3rd person plural hrindask hrundusk hrindisk hryndisk
imperative present
2nd person singular hrizk
1st person plural hrindumsk
2nd person plural hrindizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: hrinda

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “hrinda”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive