iaigh

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish íadaid,[2] from Proto-Celtic *eɸidāti, a prefixed derivative of *dāti (“to give”).[3][4] Cognate with Scottish Gaelic iadh.

Verb

iaigh (present analytic iann, future analytic iafaidh, verbal noun iamh, past participle iata)

  1. (ambitransitive) to close, shut
    Synonym: dún
    Bhí na súile ag iamh orm.
    I could not keep my eyes open.
    (literally, “The eyes were closing on me.”)
  2. (transitive) to enclose, encompass
  3. (ambitransitive) to block up, close up, dam
  4. (ambitransitive) to join [with le ‘with’]
  5. (transitive) to clench (close tightly) (one's fist)

Conjugation

conjugation of iaigh (first conjugation – C)
verbal noun iamh
past participle iata
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present iaim iann tú;
iair† 		iann sé, sí iaimid iann sibh iann siad;
iaid† 		a iann; a ias /
a n-iann* 		iaitear
past d'iaigh mé; d'ias /
iaigh mé‡; ias‡ 		d'iaigh tú;
d'iais /
iaigh tú‡;
iais‡ 		d'iaigh sé, sí /
iaigh sé, sí‡ 		d'iamar; d'iaigh muid /
iamar‡; iaigh muid‡ 		d'iaigh sibh; d'iabhair /
iaigh sibh‡; iabhair‡ 		d'iaigh siad; d'iadar /
iaigh siad‡; iadar‡ 		a d'iaigh /
ar iaigh* 		iadh;
hiadh†
past habitual d'iainn /
iainn‡; n-iainn‡‡ 		d'iaiteá /
iaiteá‡; n-iaiteᇇ 		d'iadh sé, sí /
iadh sé, sí‡; n-iadh sé, s퇇 		d'iaimis; d'iadh muid /
iaimis; iadh muid‡; n-iaimis‡‡; n-iadh muid‡‡ 		d'iadh sibh /
iadh sibh‡; n-iadh sibh‡‡ 		d'iaidís; d'iadh siad /
iaidís; iadh siad‡; n-iaidís‡‡; n-iadh siad‡‡ 		a d'iadh /
a n-iadh* 		d'iaití /
iaití‡; n-iait퇇
future iafaidh mé;
iafad 		iafaidh tú;
iafair† 		iafaidh sé, sí iafaimid;
iafaidh muid 		iafaidh sibh iafaidh siad;
iafaid† 		a iafaidh; a iafas /
a n-iafaidh* 		iafar
conditional d'iafainn / iafainn‡; n-iafainn‡‡ d'iafá / iafá‡; n-iafᇇ d'iafadh sé, sí / iafadh sé, sí‡; n-iafadh sé, s퇇 d'iafaimis; d'iafadh muid / iafaimis‡; iafadh muid‡; n-iafaimis‡‡; n-iafadh muid‡‡ d'iafadh sibh / iafadh sibh‡; n-iafadh sibh‡‡ d'iafaidís; d'iafadh siad / iafaidís‡; iafadh siad‡; n-iafaidís‡‡; n-iafadh siad‡‡ a d'iafadh /
a n-iafadh* 		d'iafaí / iafaí‡; n-iafa퇇
subjunctive
present go n-ia mé;
go n-iad† 		go n-ia tú;
go n-iair† 		go n-ia sé, sí go n-iaimid;
go n-ia muid 		go n-ia sibh go n-ia siad;
go n-iaid† 		— go n-iaitear
past dá n-iainn dá n-iaiteá dá n-iadh sé, sí dá n-iaimis;
dá n-iadh muid 		dá n-iadh sibh dá n-iaidís;
dá n-iadh siad 		— dá n-iaití
imperative
– iaim iaigh iadh sé, sí iaimis iaigí;
iaidh† 		iaidís — iaitear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

Mutation

Mutated forms of iaigh
radical eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
iaigh n-iaigh hiaigh not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ “iaigh”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “íadaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*efirom”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 113-114
  4. ^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, § 3.1.36, pages 191–92

Further reading

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