isern
Middle High German
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old High German īsarn, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈiːs̠ərn/
Noun
īsern n
Declension
Descendants
- Alemannic German: Iise
- Vorarlbergerisch: Iisa, Oasa
- Bavarian: Eisn
- Central Franconian: Ieser, Iese, Eise
- German: Eisen, Eiser
- Vilamovian: ȧjza
- Yiddish: אײַזן (ayzn)
References
- Köbler, Gerhard, Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch (3rd edition 2014)
Old English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.
Cognates
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈiː.sern/, [ˈiː.zerˠn]
Noun
īsern n (nominative plural īsern)
- the metal iron
- an instrument or tool made from iron, especially an iron sword
- 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 5[1]:
- Iċ eom ānhaga īserne wund, bille ġebennod, beadoweorca sæd, eċġum wēriġ.
- I am a lone one wounded with iron, wounded by sword, sated of battle-works, weary by edges.
- an iron shackle or fetter
Declension
Strong a-stem:
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | īsern | īsern |
| accusative | īsern | īsern |
| genitive | īsernes | īserna |
| dative | īserne | īsernum |
Adjective
īsern
- consisting or made of iron
- late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
- ⁊ hæfdon ġeleornad mā cræfta hū hīe þā elpendas beswīcan mehton, mid þǣm þæt hīe nāmon trēowu, ⁊ slōgon on oþerne ende moniġe sċearpe īsene næġlas, ⁊ hīe mid flexe bewundon, ⁊ onbǣrndon hit, ⁊ beþyddan hit þonne on þone elpend hindan...
- And they had learned more tricks through which they could ensnare the elephants; they took stakes and drove into the other end many sharp iron nails, and wrapped them in flax, and set them on fire, and then thrust them into the elephant from behind...
- late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Declension
Declension of īsern — Strong
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | īsern | īsern | īsern |
| Accusative | īserne | īserne | īsern |
| Genitive | īsernes | īsernre | īsernes |
| Dative | īsernum | īsernre | īsernum |
| Instrumental | īserne | īsernre | īserne |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | īserne | īserna, īserne | īsern |
| Accusative | īserne | īserna, īserne | īsern |
| Genitive | īsernra | īsernra | īsernra |
| Dative | īsernum | īsernum | īsernum |
| Instrumental | īsernum | īsernum | īsernum |
Declension of īsern — Weak
Derived terms
- bredīsern (“a graving-iron”)
- hōcīsern (“a reaping-hook, sickle”)
- īsernbyrne f (“iron breastplate or corselet”)
- īsernfeter f (“iron fetter or binding”)
- īsernġelōma m (“an iron tool”)
- īserngrǣġ (“iron gray”)
- īsernhelm m (“an iron helmet”)
- īsernhere m (“an ironclad army”)
- īsernōre f (“an iron ore quarry”)
- īsernsċūr m (“shower of iron projectiles”)
- īsernsmiþ m (“blacksmith”)
- īsernwyrhta m (“an ironworker”)
- lēohtīsern (“a candlestick”)
- mearcīsern (“a branding-iron”)
- rīpīsern (“a reaping-iron”)
- stempingīsern (“a stamping-iron”)
Descendants
References
- Joseph Bosworth, T. Northcote Toller (1898) “ĪSERN”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Joseph Bosworth, T. Northcote Toller (1898) “ĪSERN”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Old Frisian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.
Noun
īsern n
- iron (metal)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | īsern | īsern |
| accusative | īsern | īsern |
| genitive | īsernes | īserna |
| dative | īserne | īsernum, īsernem |
Descendants
References
- Hofmann, Dietrich, Tjerk Popkema, Anne with co-op. Gisela Hofmann (2008) Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch [Old Frisian Concise Dictionary][2] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN
- Köbler, Gerhard, Altfriesisches Wörterbuch (4th edition 2014)