iumentum

• iouxmentom (Old Latin)
• jūmentum (alt. spelling)

From Proto-Italic *jouksməntom, a back-formation from the plural *jouksmənta, from *jungō (“to yoke, join”) + *-mənta (suffix forming collective nouns). These elements correspond to Classical Latin iungō and -menta.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [juːˈmɛn.tũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [juˈmɛn̪.t̪um]

iūmentum n (genitive iūmentī); second declension

1. (zoology) A draft animal, a beast of burden, a large domestic animal suitable for drawing carts and carriages: a cow, horse, mule, or donkey.

   Synonym: veterīnum

   Hyponyms: asinus, bōs, equus, mūlus

   • 1st century, L. Iunius Moderatus Columella, De Res Rustica, Book VI, Preface, Sect. 3:

     Unde etiam iumenta et armenta nomina a re traxere quod nostrum laborem vel onera subvectando vel arando iuvarent.

     And so it is that iumenta and armenta draw their names from the fact that they aid our work either by bringing up burdens or by plowing.

2. (zoology) synonym of iūmenta: such animals taken collectively.
3. (vehicles) A vehicle drawn by such animals: a wagon, a carriage, a cart.

   Synonyms: carrus, plaustrum

4. (Late Latin) mare, female horse (Lex Salica)^[1]

In Latin, iūmenta are distinguished both from the armenta used to draw ploughs and from weaker domestic animals (pecora) unable to pull heavy loads such as riding horses and donkeys used only as pack animals.

Second-declension noun (neuter).

• iūmentārius

• “iumentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "iumentum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• "Pecus; Jumentum; Armentum; Grex" in H.H. Arnold's translation of Ludwig von Döderlein's Hand-Book of Latin Synonymes (1841), pp. 158–9.