jǫrð

See also: jord, jørð, jorð, and jörð

Old Norse

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *erþō (“earth”). Cognate with Old English eorþe, Old Frisian erthe, Old Saxon ertha, Old Dutch ertha, Old High German erda, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 (airþa). The root vowel e underwent breaking (e > ja), or breaking and u-umlaut (e > ja > jǫ).

Pronunciation

  • (12th century Icelandic) IPA(key): /ˈjɒrð/

Noun

jǫrð f (genitive jarðar, plural jarðir)

  1. earth
    • Alvíssmál, stanza 9, lines 4-6
      Hvé sú jǫrð heitir,
      er liggr fyr alda sonum
      heimi hverjum í?
      How is the earth named,
      that which lies before the sons of men,
      in each of the worlds?

Declension

Declension of jǫrð (strong ō-stem, ar and ir-plurals)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative jǫrð jǫrðin jarðar, jarðir jarðarnar, jarðirnar
accusative jǫrð jǫrðina jarðar, jarðir jarðarnar, jarðirnar
dative jǫrð, jǫrðu jǫrðinni jǫrðum jǫrðunum
genitive jarðar jarðarinnar jarða jarðanna

Descendants

  • Icelandic: jörð
  • Faroese: jørð
  • Norn: yurn (< jǫrðin)
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: jord f
  • Jamtish: jórð
  • Elfdalian: juord
  • Old Swedish: iorþ, iordh
  • Old Danish: iorþ, iorth, ᛁᚮᚱᚦ
  • Old Gutnish: iorþ
    • Gutnish: jård
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