joindre
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French joindre, from Latin iungere (“join”), from Proto-Italic *jungō, from Proto-Indo-European *yunégti ~ *yungénti, from the root *yewg-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒwɛ̃dʁ/
Audio (Paris): (file) - Hyphenation: joindre
- Rhymes: -wɛ̃dʁ
Verb
joindre
- to join
- à pieds joints ― with both feet
- pièce jointe ― email attachment
- joindre l'utile à l'agréable ― to mix business with pleasure
- joindre le geste à la parole ― to match words with actions
- joindre les deux bouts ― to make ends meet
- to join up
- to reach, to contact
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.
| infinitive | simple | joindre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | joignant /ʒwa.ɲɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | joint /ʒwɛ̃/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | joins /ʒwɛ̃/ |
joins /ʒwɛ̃/ |
joint /ʒwɛ̃/ |
joignons /ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/ |
joignez /ʒwa.ɲe/ |
joignent /ʒwaɲ/ |
| imperfect | joignais /ʒwa.ɲɛ/ |
joignais /ʒwa.ɲɛ/ |
joignait /ʒwa.ɲɛ/ |
joignions /ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/ |
joigniez /ʒwa.ɲje/ |
joignaient /ʒwa.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | joignis /ʒwa.ɲi/ |
joignis /ʒwa.ɲi/ |
joignit /ʒwa.ɲi/ |
joignîmes /ʒwa.ɲim/ |
joignîtes /ʒwa.ɲit/ |
joignirent /ʒwa.ɲiʁ/ | |
| future | joindrai /ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/ |
joindras /ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/ |
joindra /ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/ |
joindrons /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
joindrez /ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/ |
joindront /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | joindrais /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
joindrais /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
joindrait /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
joindrions /ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
joindriez /ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
joindraient /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | joigne /ʒwaɲ/ |
joignes /ʒwaɲ/ |
joigne /ʒwaɲ/ |
joignions /ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/ |
joigniez /ʒwa.ɲje/ |
joignent /ʒwaɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | joignisse /ʒwa.ɲis/ |
joignisses /ʒwa.ɲis/ |
joignît /ʒwa.ɲi/ |
joignissions /ʒwa.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ |
joignissiez /ʒwa.ɲi.sje/ |
joignissent /ʒwa.ɲis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | joins /ʒwɛ̃/ |
— | joignons /ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/ |
joignez /ʒwa.ɲe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Haitian Creole: jwenn
Further reading
- “joindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Norman
Etymology
From Old French joindre, from Latin iungō, iungere (“join, yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to join, unite”).
Verb
joindre
Old French
Etymology
Verb
joindre
- to meet up with; to go and see
- to join; to join onto
- c. 1180,, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:
- La ou l’espaule au col se joint
- At the point where the shoulder joins onto the neck
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | joindre | avoir joint | |||||
| gerund | en joignant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | joignant | ||||||
| past participle | joint | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | joing | joinz | joint | joignons | joigniez | joignent |
| imperfect | joignoie, joigneie | joignoies, joigneies | joignoit, joigneit | joigniiens, joigniens | joigniiez, joigniez | joignoient, joigneient | |
| preterite | joins | joinsis | joinst | joinsimes | joinsistes | joinstrent | |
| future | joindrai | joindras | joindra | joindrons | joindroiz, joindreiz, joindrez | joindront | |
| conditional | joindroie, joindreie | joindroies, joindreies | joindroit, joindreit | joindriiens, joindriens | joindriiez, joindriez | joindroient, joindreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | joigne | joignes | joigne | joigniens, joignons | joigniez | joignent |
| imperfect | joinsisse | joinsisses | joinsist | joinsissons, joinsissiens | joinsissoiz, joinsissez, joinsissiez | joinsissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | joing | — | joignons | joigniez | — | ||