joks
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Baltic *yuok-, from Proto-Indo-European *yōk-, the o-grade of *yek- (“to speak”) (whence also Sanskrit याचति (yā́cati, “to ask, to beg”) < (“to say solemnly”)). A minority opinion is that joks is a borrowing from Latin iocus, via a Germanic language. The term is attested in 17th-century dictionaries, where smiekli (“laugh”) is a synonym; these terms became semantically differentiatiated by the mid-19th century, when the meaning of smiekli was broadened. Cognates include Lithuanian juõkas (“laugh, laughter; joke, joking; jesting, fun”), Latin iocus (“joke, jest”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [juōks]
Audio: (file)
Noun
joks m (1st declension)
- joke, jest (words or behavior that amuses, causes laughter)
- asprātīgi, muļķīgi, sekli joki ― witty, stupid, shallow jokes
- stāstīt jokus ― to tell jokes
- tas tik bija joks! ― this was such a joke!
- joku stāsts ― humorous story
- joka pēc, joka dēļ ― just for fun
- humoram jāieņem liela vieta cilvēka dzīvē... bez joka, bez smiekliem nevar dzīvot! ― humor must take an important part in human life... without joke(s), without laughs one cannot live!
- joke (words or actions not meant to be taken seriously)
- pa jokam ― jokingly, not seriously (lit. by joke)
- nav (nekāds) joks ― this is no joke
- nav joka lieta ― this is no joke
- bez jokiem ― no joke (= this is serious)
- nebaidies, tas bija tikai joks ― don't be afraid, that was only a joke
- netici viņam, tie bija tikai muļķīgi joki ― don't believe him, these were just stupid jokes
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | joks | joki |
| genitive | joka | joku |
| dative | jokam | jokiem |
| accusative | joku | jokus |
| instrumental | joku | jokiem |
| locative | jokā | jokos |
| vocative | jok | joki |
Derived terms
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “joks”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary][1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *Hyéh₂-kos (“that, who, which”). The negative meaning of the Lithuanian term comes from an earlier *nijóks (“neither”), with the negative prefix (from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nei) being later dropped.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [joːks]
Adjective
jóks m (feminine jokià)
Declension
| masculine | feminine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| nominative | jóks | jokiẽ | jokià | jókios | |
| genitive | jókio | jokių̃ | jokiõs | jokių̃ | |
| dative | jokiám | joki̇́ems | jókiai | jokióms | |
| accusative | jókį | jókius | jókią | jókias | |
| instrumental | jókiu | jokiai̇̃s | jókia | jokiomi̇̀s | |
| locative | jokiamè | jokiuosè | jokiojè | jokiosè | |
Pronoun
jóks
Declension
| masculine | feminine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| nominative | jóks | jokiẽ | jokià | jókios | |
| genitive | jókio | jokių̃ | jokiõs | jokių̃ | |
| dative | jokiám | joki̇́ems | jókiai | jokióms | |
| accusative | jókį | jókius | jókią | jókias | |
| instrumental | jókiu | jokiai̇̃s | jókia | jokiomi̇̀s | |
| locative | jokiamè | jokiuosè | jokiojè | jokiosè | |
See also
References
- ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “jóks”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego[2] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 235