kakak
See also: kakák
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈkakaʔ/ [ˈka.kaʔ]
- Rhymes: -akaʔ
- Syllabification: ka‧kak
Etymology 1
From Malay kakak (“older sister”), from Classical Malay kakak, from Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka.
- For sense of older brother, semantic loan from Hokkien 哥哥 (ko-ko, “older brother”) and semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, ).
- For sense of form of address to husband in marital relationship, semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, ).
Noun
kakak (plural kakak-kakak)
- (literally or figuratively, formal) older sibling
- (literally or figuratively, chiefly Sumatra and Kalimantan) older sister
- (literally or figuratively, chiefly Jakarta and Java) older brother
- (chiefly Jakarta) a general form of address, typically to an older person (but applicable to same age groups)
- (colloquial) a form of address to any stranger
Usage notes
- People in areas with Malay populations and speaking vernacular Malay dialects only use kakak to address older sisters, otherwise outside those places like Jakarta, it is gender neutral.
- In formal situations (e.g. to address a customer), kakak may be used to address someone to give an impression of a 'youthful nuance' (i.e., by denoting someone as such).
Alternative forms
Synonyms
- (older sister): see Thesaurus:kakak
- (older brother): see Thesaurus:abang
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Inherited from Malay kakak. Onomatopoeic, compare to Tagalog kakak.
Root
kakak
Derived terms
- berkakak
- berkakakan
- mengakak
- terkakak-kakak
Further reading
- “kakak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese
Romanization
kakak
- romanization of ꦏꦏꦏ꧀
Malay
Etymology 1
From Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka. Sense of older male sibling lost in Singapore and Malay Peninsular.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kakaʔ/
- Rhymes: -akaʔ, -kaʔ, -aʔ
Audio (Malaysia): (file)
Noun
kakak (Jawi spelling کاکق, plural kakak-kakak)
- sister (older woman or girl having the same parents)
- (rare) sibling (older person who shares same parents)
- (rare) brother (older male sibling)
- term of address for a female acquaintance who is a bit older
- engko (“engku”)
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
Onomatopoeic, compare to Tagalog kakak.
Noun
kakak (Jawi spelling کاکق, plural kakak-kakak)
Derived terms
Affixed terms and other derivations
References
- Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “کاکق kakak”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 75
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “کاکق kakak”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 497
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “kakak”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 499
Pazeh
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kakak.
Noun
kakak
References
- Paul Jen-kuei Li (李壬癸), Shigeru Tsuchida (土田滋) (2001) Pazih Dictionary (巴宰語詞典) (in Chinese), Taipei: Academia Sinica, Institute of Linguistics, →ISBN
Tagalog
Alternative forms
- cacac — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling
Etymology
Onomatopoeic. Compare Indonesian kakak.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈkakak/ [ˈkaː.xɐk̚]
- Rhymes: -akak
- Syllabification: ka‧kak
Noun
kakak (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜃᜃ᜔)
Derived terms
- ipangakak
- kumakak
- mangakak
See also
Further reading
- “kakak”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018