lauma
See also: Lauma
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *lauma, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɑu̯mɑ/, [ˈlɑ̝u̯mɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ɑumɑ
- Syllabification(key): lau‧ma
- Hyphenation(key): lau‧ma
Noun
lauma
- group of (land) animals, herd
- laumaeläin ― herd animal
- crowd, mob, flock, horde, rout (large uncontrolled group of people)
- En halua kulkea lauman mukana.
- I don't like to follow the crowd.
- swarm (mass of people or animals in turmoil)
Usage notes
This word is used of groups of most land animals. Exceptions include herded reindeer (tokka) and domesticated lamb and goat (katras). A group of flying or water animals is usually called a parvi (when seen three-dimensionally rather than two-dimensionally). Seals are a border case: usually a group of seals is lauma (seen as two-dimensional) but when in water, especially a small group of seals may be called parvi (seen as three-dimensional).
Declension
| Inflection of lauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | lauma | laumat | |
| genitive | lauman | laumojen | |
| partitive | laumaa | laumoja | |
| illative | laumaan | laumoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | lauma | laumat | |
| accusative | nom. | lauma | laumat |
| gen. | lauman | ||
| genitive | lauman | laumojen laumain rare | |
| partitive | laumaa | laumoja | |
| inessive | laumassa | laumoissa | |
| elative | laumasta | laumoista | |
| illative | laumaan | laumoihin | |
| adessive | laumalla | laumoilla | |
| ablative | laumalta | laumoilta | |
| allative | laumalle | laumoille | |
| essive | laumana | laumoina | |
| translative | laumaksi | laumoiksi | |
| abessive | laumatta | laumoitta | |
| instructive | — | laumoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of lauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms
- (crowd): joukko, väkijoukko
Derived terms
compounds
See also
Further reading
- “lauma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈløyːma/
- Rhymes: -øyːma
Etymology 1
Verb
lauma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative laumaði, supine laumað)
Conjugation
| infinitive nafnháttur | að lauma | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine sagnbót | laumað | |||||
| present participle |
laumandi | |||||
| indicative |
subjunctive | |||||
| present |
past |
present |
past | |||
| singular | ég | lauma | laumaði | laumi | laumaði | |
| þú | laumar | laumaðir | laumir | laumaðir | ||
| hann, hún, það | laumar | laumaði | laumi | laumaði | ||
| plural | við | laumum | laumuðum | laumum | laumuðum | |
| þið | laumið | laumuðuð | laumið | laumuðuð | ||
| þeir, þær, þau | lauma | laumuðu | laumi | laumuðu | ||
| imperative boðháttur | ||||||
| singular | þú | lauma (þú), laumaðu | ||||
| plural | þið | laumið (þið), laumiði1 | ||||
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
| infinitive nafnháttur | að laumast | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine sagnbót | laumast | |||||
| present participle |
laumandist (rare; see appendix) | |||||
| indicative |
subjunctive | |||||
| present |
past |
present |
past | |||
| singular | ég | laumast | laumaðist | laumist | laumaðist | |
| þú | laumast | laumaðist | laumist | laumaðist | ||
| hann, hún, það | laumast | laumaðist | laumist | laumaðist | ||
| plural | við | laumumst | laumuðumst | laumumst | laumuðumst | |
| þið | laumist | laumuðust | laumist | laumuðust | ||
| þeir, þær, þau | laumast | laumuðust | laumist | laumuðust | ||
| imperative boðháttur | ||||||
| singular | þú | laumast (þú), laumastu | ||||
| plural | þið | laumist (þið), laumisti1 | ||||
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
Etymology 2
Noun
lauma f (genitive singular laumu, no plural)
- a card game in which players simultaneously pass a card to the next person, trying to collect a matching set
Declension
| singular | ||
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | lauma | lauman |
| accusative | laumu | laumuna |
| dative | laumu | laumunni |
| genitive | laumu | laumunnar |
References
- Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2025), “lauma”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies