musculus
English
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from Latin mūsculus (“a little mouse; a muscle”), diminutive of mūs (“a mouse”).
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈmʌ.skjʊl.əs/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈmʌ.skjəl.əs/
- Homophone: musculous
- Rhymes: -ʌskjʊləs
Noun
musculus (plural musculi)
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- “musculus”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- “musculus”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
Latin
Etymology
From mūs (“a mouse”) + -culus (diminutive suffix), literally “little mouse”. The “muscle” sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”),[1] compare also Russian мы́шца (mýšca, “muscle”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈmuːs.kʊ.ɫʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈmus.ku.lus]
Noun
mūsculus m (genitive mūsculī); second declension
Inflection
Second-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | mūsculus | mūsculī |
| genitive | mūsculī | mūsculōrum |
| dative | mūsculō | mūsculīs |
| accusative | mūsculum | mūsculōs |
| ablative | mūsculō | mūsculīs |
| vocative | mūscule | mūsculī |
Derived terms
- *muscelliō (< *muscellus)
- mūsculāris
- mūsculōsus
Descendants
- Aragonese: musclo, muscllo
- Aromanian: mushclju
- Asturian: muslu
- Catalan: muscle, musclo
- Corsican: musculu
- Italian: muscolo, moscolo
- Occitan: muscle
- Old French: moule, moucle, moulle, mouscle
- Romanian: mușchi
- Spanish: muslo
- → Asturian: músculu
- → Albanian: muskul, mushk
- → Catalan: múscul
- → Old Cornish: mesclen sg
- Cornish: (collective) meskel
- → Danish: muskel
- → English: musculus (learned)
- → Middle French: muscle
- → Friulian: muscul
- → Galician: músculo
- → German: Muskel
- → Proto-West Germanic: *muskulā (see there for further descendants)
- → Portuguese: músculo
- → Romansch: muscul, muscal, muscla
- → Russian: мускул (muskul)
- → Sardinian: musculu
- → Spanish: músculo
- → Swedish: muskel
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mūs, mūris (> Derivatives > mūsculus)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 396-7
Further reading
- “musculus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “musculus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "musculus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- musculus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “musculus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “musculus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin