Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive) to put makeup on (a part of the body, particularly the eyelids) [since the Pyramid Texts]
- (transitive) to apply medicinal salves to (a part of the body, particularly the eyelids) [Medical papyri]
- (intransitive) to apply medicinal salves [Medical papyri]
Inflection
Conjugation of sdm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sdm, geminated stem: sdmm
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
sdm
|
sdmw, sdm
|
sdmt
|
sdm
|
sdm
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
sdm
|
ḥr sdm
|
m sdm
|
r sdm
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sdm.n
|
sdmw, sdm
|
consecutive
|
sdm.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
sdmt
|
| perfective3
|
sdm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
sdm.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
sdm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
sdm
|
sdmm
|
potentialis1
|
sdm.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
sdm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sdm.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
sdm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sdm
|
sdm, sdmw5, sdmy5
|
| imperfective
|
sdm, sdmy, sdmw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sdm, sdmj6, sdmy6
|
sdm, sdmw5
|
| prospective
|
sdm, sdmtj7
|
—
|
sdmtj4, sdmt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sdm
|
|
|
|
|
| sdm
|
sḏm
|
smtj
|
sdm
|
| [Old Kingdom]
|
[since the Middle Kingdom]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
Derived terms
Noun
m
- (uncommon) makeup, especially for the eyelids; eyepaint [since the Old Kingdom]
Inflection
Declension of sdm (masculine)
| singular
|
sdm
|
| dual
|
sdmwj
|
| plural
|
sdmw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sdm
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sdm
|
sdm
|
sdmw
|
sdm
|
sdmw
|
smtj
|
| [Old Kingdom]
|
[18th Dynasty]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
Descendants
- Demotic: stem, stm
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲥⲑⲏⲙ (esthēm)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲧⲏⲙ (stēm)
- → Ancient Greek: στίμμι (stímmi), στίβι (stíbi)
References
- “sdm (lemma ID 149830)” and “sdm (lemma ID 149840)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 370.3–370.10
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 257
- Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 166
Indonesian
Etymology
Lowercase spelling and dot absence follow English tbsp.
Noun
sdm
- abbreviation of sendok makan (“tbsp, tablespoon”)