somnium

Latin

Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Italic *swopnjom, derived from the root of somnus (“sleep”); possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *swópniom, from the root *swep- (“to sleep”).[1]

    Cognate with Sanskrit स्वप्न्यम् (svápnyam, “vision in a dream”), Lithuanian sapnỹs (“sleep, dream”), Old Church Slavonic съниѥ (sŭnije, “dream”), and Tocharian B sänmetse (“in a trance”).[2]

    By surface analysis, somnus (“sleep”) +‎ -ium (nominal derivational suffix).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    somnium n (genitive somniī or somnī); second declension

    1. dream, vision
    2. fantasy, daydream

    Declension

    Second-declension noun (neuter).

    singular plural
    nominative somnium somnia
    genitive somniī
    somnī1     		somniōrum
    dative somniō somniīs
    accusative somnium somnia
    ablative somniō somniīs
    vocative somnium somnia

    1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Asturian: suañu, sueñu
    • Catalan: somni
    • Franco-Provençal: sonjo
    • Friulian: sium
    • Istriot: sugno
    • Italian: sogno
    • Ligurian: séunno
    • Occitan: sòmi
    • Old French: songe
      • French: songe
      • Franc-Comtois: sondge
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: sonho
    • Old Spanish: suenno
    • Piedmontese: seugn
    • Romansch: siemi, semi, sömmi
    • Sardinian: sónniu, sonnu
    • Sicilian: sonnu, suonnu, suennu (Diphtongization, most of the south-eastern metaphonetic Sicilian dialects), sunnu

    References

    1. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*lentehₐ-”, in The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 322–324
    2. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 324

    Further reading

    • “somnium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “somnium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • "somnium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • somnium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • my dream is coming true: somnium verum evādit (Div. 2. 53. 108)
      • to explain a dream: somnium interpretari
      • an interpreter of dreams: somniorum interpres, coniector
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