targumannum

Akkadian

Root
r-g-m
2 terms

Etymology

Unknown. It could be either a borrowing from another unattested language or a derivation from the verb 𒅗𒂷𒂷 (ragāmum, “to exclame, shout to”).

Pronunciation

(Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /tar.ɡuˈman.num/

Noun

targumannum m (from Old Akkadian on)

interpreter, dragoman

Alternative forms

targumannu (non-mimated)
turgumannum, targamannum

Cuneiform spellings
Logograms	Phonetic
(Old Akkadian, Ur III) 𒅴𒁄 (EME.BAL)	𒋫𒅈𒆪𒈠𒉡𒌝 (ta-ar-gu₅-ma-nu-um) 𒌅𒌨𒄖𒈠𒀭𒉏 (tu-ur-gu-ma-an-num) 𒋻𒄖𒈠𒀭𒉡 (tar-gu-ma-an-nu) 𒋻𒄖𒈠𒉡 (tar-gu-ma-nu) 𒌉𒄖𒈠𒉡 (tur-gu-ma-nu)

Descendants

→ Classical Syriac: ܬܰܪܓܡܳܢܳܐ (targmānā)
- → Arabic: تُرْجُمَان (turjumān)
  - Maltese: turċman
  - → Hellenic: δραγομάνος
    - → Medieval Latin: dragumannus, drogamundus, turcimannus, turchemannus
      - Old French: dragoman, droguement, drogeman, drogman, drugeman, drugemant, trucheman
        → Catalan: drogman
        French: dragoman, truchement
        → Bulgarian: драгоман (dragoman)
        → Czech: dragoman
        → Polish: dragoman
        → Russian: драгоман (dragoman)
        → Serbo-Croatian: dragòmān
        → Middle English: dragman, drogeman, drugeman
        English: dragoman, truchman, truch-man, trouchman, truceman, trudgeman
        → Middle High German: tragemunt, trougemunt
        German: Dragoman, Trutzelmann, Trutschelmann
    - → Italian: dragomanno, turcimanno
    - → Romanian: dragoman
  - → Classical Persian: ترجمان (tarjumān)
    - → Hindi: तर्जुमान (tarjumān)
    - → Urdu: ترجمان (tarjumān)
  - → Spanish: dragomán, truchimán, trujimán, o trujamán
  - → Azerbaijani: tərcüman
  - → Ottoman Turkish: ترجمان
    - Turkish: tercüman
    - Crimean Tatar: terciman, терджиман
    - → Georgian: თარჯიმანი (tarǯimani)
    - → Romanian: tergiman
  - → Uyghur: تەرجىمان (terjiman)
  - → Uzbek: tarjimon
- → Old Armenian: թարգման (tʻargman)
  - Armenian: թարգման (tʻargman)
  - → Old Georgian: თარგმანი (targmani)
- → Biblical Hebrew: תֻּרְגְּמָן (turgəmɔ́n)

References

“targumannu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[1], Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “targumannu(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, via the electronic Babylonian Library