virst

Latvian

Etymology 1

Underlyingly *virt-ti, an iR-vocalization of the zero grade version of Proto-Indo-European *wert- (to turn; to become). The original meaning of the verb was "to become" (without any negative connotations.)[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

virst (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present virstu, virsti, virst, past virtu)

  1. (with iz-) to degenerate, become perverted
Conjugation
Conjugation of virst
indicative (īstenības izteiksme) imperative
(pavēles izteiksme)
present
(tagadne)
past
(pagātne)
future
(nākotne)
1st person sg es virstu virtu virtīšu
2nd person sg tu virsti virti virtīsi virsti
3rd person sg viņš, viņa virst virta virtīs lai virst
1st person pl mēs virstam virtām virtīsim virtīsim
2nd person pl jūs virstat virtāt virtīsiet,
virtīsit
virstiet
3rd person pl viņi, viņas virst virta virtīs lai virst
renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme) participles (divdabji)
present virstot present active 1 (adj.) virstošs
past esot virtis present active 2 (adv.) virzdams
future virtīšot present active 3 (adv.) virstot
imperative lai virstot present active 4 (obj.) virstam
conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme) past active virtis
present virstu present passive virstams
past būtu virtis past passive virsts
debitive (vajadzības izteiksme) nominal forms
indicative (būt) jāvirst infinitive (nenoteiksme) virst
conjunctive 1 esot jāvirst negative infinitive nevirst
conjunctive 2 jāvirstot verbal noun viršana
  • izvirtība (decadence)
  • izvirtulis (pervert)
  • izvirtis (perverted)
  • izvirst

Etymology 2

Underlyingly *vird-ti. Same origin as Latvian virt (to bubble, boil) (verdu, virdu) Lithuanian virti (to boil). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (to boil), with the infinitive from zero grade and present from full grade.[2]

As the modern izvirst has been relegated to outbursts or eruptions (of a volcano, emotions, etc.) it is practically never used in the present tense, consequently most natives will not know how to conjugate it in present, especially because it shows ablaut, present marker -st- will most likely be used.

Pronunciation

Verb

virst (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present virstu, virsti, virst, past virdu)

  1. (with iz-) to erupt
Conjugation
Conjugation of virst
indicative (īstenības izteiksme) imperative
(pavēles izteiksme)
present
(tagadne)
past
(pagātne)
future
(nākotne)
1st person sg es virstu virdu virdīšu
2nd person sg tu virsti virdi virdīsi virsti
3rd person sg viņš, viņa virst virda virdīs lai virst
1st person pl mēs virstam virdām virdīsim virdīsim
2nd person pl jūs virstat virdāt virdīsiet,
virdīsit
virstiet
3rd person pl viņi, viņas virst virda virdīs lai virst
renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme) participles (divdabji)
present virstot present active 1 (adj.) virstošs
past esot virdis present active 2 (adv.) virzdams
future virdīšot present active 3 (adv.) virstot
imperative lai virstot present active 4 (obj.) virstam
conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme) past active virdis
present virstu present passive virstams
past būtu virdis past passive virsts
debitive (vajadzības izteiksme) nominal forms
indicative (būt) jāvirst infinitive (nenoteiksme) virst
conjunctive 1 esot jāvirst negative infinitive nevirst
conjunctive 2 jāvirstot verbal noun viršana
Conjugation of virst
indicative (īstenības izteiksme) imperative
(pavēles izteiksme)
present
(tagadne)
past
(pagātne)
future
(nākotne)
1st person sg es verdu virdu virdīšu
2nd person sg tu verd virdi virdīsi verd
3rd person sg viņš, viņa verd virda virdīs lai verd
1st person pl mēs verdam virdām virdīsim virdīsim
2nd person pl jūs verdat virdāt virdīsiet,
virdīsit
verdiet
3rd person pl viņi, viņas verd virda virdīs lai verd
renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme) participles (divdabji)
present verdot present active 1 (adj.) verdošs
past esot virdis present active 2 (adv.) virzdams
future virdīšot present active 3 (adv.) verdot
imperative lai verdot present active 4 (obj.) verdam
conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme) past active virdis
present virstu present passive verdams
past būtu virdis past passive virsts
debitive (vajadzības izteiksme) nominal forms
indicative (būt) jāverd infinitive (nenoteiksme) virst
conjunctive 1 esot jāverd negative infinitive nevirst
conjunctive 2 jāverdot verbal noun viršana
  • izvirdums (eruption)
  • izvirst
  • verdošs (scalding, boiling)
  • viršanas temperatūra (boiling point)

References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “virst, izvirst”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
  2. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “izvirdums, virt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎[2] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Middle English

Adjective

virst

  1. alternative form of first

Yola

Adjective

virst

  1. alternative form of vursth
    • 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 11:
      In durk Ich red virst mee left-vooted shoe."
      In the dark I happened first on my left-footed shoe."

References

  • Kathleen A. Browne (1927) “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎[3], volume 17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 129