自首
Chinese
| self | to plead guilty | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (自首) |
自 | 首 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zi6 sau2
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zìshǒu
- Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄕㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zìhshǒu
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ4-shou3
- Yale: dz̀-shǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhshoou
- Palladius: цзышоу (czyšou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zi6 sau2
- Yale: jih sáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi6 sau2
- Guangdong Romanization: ji6 seo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː²² sɐu̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-siú
- Tâi-lô: tsīr-siú
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² siu⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-siú
- Tâi-lô: tsū-siú
- Phofsit Daibuun: zuxsiuo
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡su²²⁻²¹ siu⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ siu⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ siu⁵³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ze6 siu2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̆ siú
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ siu⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Middle Chinese: dzijH syuwH
Verb
自首
Synonyms
- 出首 (chūshǒu)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 自 | 首 |
| じ Grade: 2 |
しゅ Grade: 2 |
| goon | |
Etymology
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 自首 (MC dzijH syuwH, literally “self + report to the authorities; plead guilty”). Borrowed into Old Japanese, where its first mention is in the Ritsuryō legal code of 718 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) じしゅ [jìshú] (Heiban – [0])[2][3][4]
- (Tokyo) じしゅ [jíꜜshù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3][4]
- IPA(key): [d͡ʑiɕɨ]
Noun
自首 • (jishu)
Verb
自首する • (jishu suru) suru (stem 自首し (jishu shi), past 自首した (jishu shita))
- (of a criminal) to turn oneself in, to give up
- Synonym: 自訴する (jiso suru)
- その泥棒は夕方のニュースで放送された防犯カメラの映像を見て自首した。
- Sono dorobō wa yūgata no nyūsu de hōsō sareta bōhan kamera no eizō o mite jishu shita.
- The thief turned himself in after he saw a video of himself stealing on the evening news.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "自首する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 自首し | じしゅし | jishu shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 自首し | じしゅし | jishu shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 自首する | じしゅする | jishu suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 自首する | じしゅする | jishu suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 自首すれ | じしゅすれ | jishu sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 自首せよ¹ 自首しろ² |
じしゅせよ¹ じしゅしろ² |
jishu seyo¹ jishu shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 自首される | じしゅされる | jishu sareru | |
| Causative | 自首させる 自首さす |
じしゅさせる じしゅさす |
jishu saseru jishu sasu | |
| Potential | 自首できる | じしゅできる | jishu dekiru | |
| Volitional | 自首しよう | じしゅしよう | jishu shiyō | |
| Negative | 自首しない | じしゅしない | jishu shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 自首せず | じしゅせず | jishu sezu | |
| Formal | 自首します | じしゅします | jishu shimasu | |
| Perfective | 自首した | じしゅした | jishu shita | |
| Conjunctive | 自首して | じしゅして | jishu shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 自首すれば | じしゅすれば | jishu sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 自 | 首 |
Noun
自首 • (jasu) (hangeul 자수)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 自 | 首 |
Verb
自首
- chữ Hán form of tự thú (“to admit wrongdoing”)