εἴρω

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

 

Etymology 1

From Proto-Hellenic *héřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together”).[1]

Verb

εἴρω • (eírō)

  1. to tie, join, fasten, string together
  2. to insert
Inflection
   Present: εἴρω, εἴρομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἴρω εἴρεις εἴρει εἴρετον εἴρετον εἴρομεν εἴρετε εἴρουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive εἴρω εἴρῃς εἴρῃ εἴρητον εἴρητον εἴρωμεν εἴρητε εἴρωσῐ(ν)
optative εἴροιμῐ εἴροις εἴροι εἴροιτον εἰροίτην εἴροιμεν εἴροιτε εἴροιεν
imperative   εἶρε εἰρέτω εἴρετον εἰρέτων   εἴρετε εἰρόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative εἴρομαι εἴρῃ,
εἴρει 		εἴρεται εἴρεσθον εἴρεσθον εἰρόμεθᾰ εἴρεσθε εἴρονται
subjunctive εἴρωμαι εἴρῃ εἴρηται εἴρησθον εἴρησθον εἰρώμεθᾰ εἴρησθε εἴρωνται
optative εἰροίμην εἴροιο εἴροιτο εἴροισθον εἰροίσθην εἰροίμεθᾰ εἴροισθε εἴροιντο
imperative   εἴρου εἰρέσθω εἴρεσθον εἰρέσθων   εἴρεσθε εἰρέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive εἴρειν εἴρεσθαι
participle m εἴρων εἰρόμενος
f εἴρουσᾰ εἰρομένη
n εἶρον εἰρόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: εἶρον, εἰρόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἶρον εἶρες εἶρε(ν) εἴρετον εἰρέτην εἴρομεν εἴρετε εἶρον
middle/
passive 		indicative εἰρόμην εἴρου εἴρετο εἴρεσθον εἰρέσθην εἰρόμεθᾰ εἴρεσθε εἴροντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: εἶρᾰ, εἰρᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἶρᾰ εἶρᾰς εἶρε(ν) εἴρᾰτον εἰρᾰ́την εἴρᾰμεν εἴρᾰτε εἶρᾰν
subjunctive εἴρω εἴρῃς εἴρῃ εἴρητον εἴρητον εἴρωμεν εἴρητε εἴρωσῐ(ν)
optative εἴραιμῐ εἴρειᾰς,
εἴραις 		εἴρειε(ν),
εἴραι 		εἴραιτον εἰραίτην εἴραιμεν εἴραιτε εἴρειᾰν,
εἴραιεν
imperative   εἶρον εἰρᾰ́τω εἴρᾰτον εἰρᾰ́των   εἴρᾰτε εἰρᾰ́ντων
middle indicative εἰρᾰ́μην εἴρω εἴρᾰτο εἴρᾰσθον εἰρᾰ́σθην εἰρᾰ́μεθᾰ εἴρᾰσθε εἴρᾰντο
subjunctive εἴρωμαι εἴρῃ εἴρηται εἴρησθον εἴρησθον εἰρώμεθᾰ εἴρησθε εἴρωνται
optative εἰραίμην εἴραιο εἴραιτο εἴραισθον εἰραίσθην εἰραίμεθᾰ εἴραισθε εἴραιντο
imperative   εἶραι εἰρᾰ́σθω εἴρᾰσθον εἰρᾰ́σθων   εἴρᾰσθε εἰρᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive εἶραι εἴρᾰσθαι
participle m εἴρᾱς εἰρᾰ́μενος
f εἴρᾱσᾰ εἰρᾰμένη
n εἶρᾰν εἰρᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔρσᾰ, ἐρσᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρσᾰ ἔρσᾰς ἔρσε(ν) ἔρσᾰτον ἐρσᾰ́την ἔρσᾰμεν ἔρσᾰτε ἔρσᾰν
subjunctive ἔρσω,
ἔρσωμῐ 		ἔρσῃς,
ἔρσῃσθᾰ 		ἔρσῃ,
ἔρσῃσῐ 		ἔρσητον ἔρσητον ἔρσωμεν ἔρσητε ἔρσωσῐ(ν)
optative ἔρσαιμῐ ἔρσαις,
ἔρσαισθᾰ,
ἔρσειᾰς 		ἔρσειε(ν),
ἔρσαι 		ἐρσεῖτον ἐρσείτην ἐρσεῖμεν ἐρσεῖτε ἐρσεῖεν
imperative   ἔρσον ἐρσᾰ́τω ἔρσᾰτον ἐρσᾰ́των   ἔρσᾰτε ἐρσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐρσᾰ́μην ἔρσᾰο ἔρσᾰτο ἔρσᾰσθον ἐρσᾰ́σθην ἐρσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ ἔρσᾰσθε ἔρσᾰντο
subjunctive ἔρσωμαι ἔρσηαι ἔρσηται ἔρσησθον ἔρσησθον ἐρσώμε(σ)θᾰ ἔρσησθε ἔρσωνται
optative ἐρσαίμην ἔρσαιο ἔρσαιτο ἔρσαισθον ἐρσαίσθην ἐρσαίμε(σ)θᾰ ἔρσαισθε ἐρσαίᾰτο
imperative   ἔρσαι ἐρσᾰ́σθω ἔρσᾰσθον ἐρσᾰ́σθων   ἔρσᾰσθε ἐρσᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive ἔρσαι/ἐρσᾰ́μεν/ἐρσᾰμέναι ἔρσᾰσθαι
participle m ἔρσᾱς ἐρσᾰ́μενος
f ἔρσᾱσᾰ ἐρσᾰμένη
n ἔρσᾰν ἐρσᾰ́μενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Derived terms
  • ἀνείρω (aneírō)
  • διείρω (dieírō)
  • εἰρήνη (eirḗnē)
  • ἐνείρω (eneírō)
  • ἐξείρω (exeírō)
  • ἕρμα (hérma)
  • Λαέρτης (Laértēs)
  • συνείρω (suneírō)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “εἴρω 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 392-3

Further reading

Etymology 2

From Proto-Hellenic *wéřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *wéryeti, ye-present from the root *werh₁- (“to speak”).[1]

Cognates include Sanskrit व्रत (vrata), Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬁𐬙𐬀 (urvāta), Latin verbum, Old Armenian յորջորջեմ (yorǰorǰem) and Old English word (English word).

Verb

εἴρω • (eírō)

  2. to say, speak, tell
Usage notes

ἐρέω (eréō) and εἴρηκᾰ (eírēkă) serve as future and perfect to λέγω (légō) (suppletion).

Inflection
   Present: εἴρω, εἴρομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἴρω εἴρεις εἴρει εἴρετον εἴρετον εἴρομεν εἴρετε εἴρουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive εἴρω εἴρῃς εἴρῃ εἴρητον εἴρητον εἴρωμεν εἴρητε εἴρωσῐ(ν)
optative εἴροιμῐ εἴροις εἴροι εἴροιτον εἰροίτην εἴροιμεν εἴροιτε εἴροιεν
imperative   εἶρε εἰρέτω εἴρετον εἰρέτων   εἴρετε εἰρόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative εἴρομαι εἴρῃ,
εἴρει 		εἴρεται εἴρεσθον εἴρεσθον εἰρόμεθᾰ εἴρεσθε εἴρονται
subjunctive εἴρωμαι εἴρῃ εἴρηται εἴρησθον εἴρησθον εἰρώμεθᾰ εἴρησθε εἴρωνται
optative εἰροίμην εἴροιο εἴροιτο εἴροισθον εἰροίσθην εἰροίμεθᾰ εἴροισθε εἴροιντο
imperative   εἴρου εἰρέσθω εἴρεσθον εἰρέσθων   εἴρεσθε εἰρέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive εἴρειν εἴρεσθαι
participle m εἴρων εἰρόμενος
f εἴρουσᾰ εἰρομένη
n εἶρον εἰρόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἐρέω, ἐρέομαι, εἰρήσομαι (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρέω ἐρέεις ἐρέει ἐρέετον ἐρέετον ἐρέομεν ἐρέετε ἐρέουσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρέοιμῐ ἐρέοις ἐρέοι ἐρέοιτον ἐρεοίτην ἐρέοιμεν ἐρέοιτε ἐρέοιεν
middle indicative ἐρέομαι ἐρέῃ,
ἐρέει 		ἐρέεται ἐρέεσθον ἐρέεσθον ἐρεόμεθᾰ ἐρέεσθε ἐρέονται
optative ἐρεοίμην ἐρέοιο ἐρέοιτο ἐρέοισθον ἐρεοίσθην ἐρεοίμεθᾰ ἐρέοισθε ἐρέοιντο
passive indicative εἰρήσομαι εἰρήσῃ εἰρήσεται εἰρήσεσθον εἰρήσεσθον εἰρησόμεθᾰ εἰρήσεσθε εἰρήσονται
optative εἰρησοίμην εἰρήσοιο εἰρήσοιτο εἰρήσοισθον εἰρησοίσθην εἰρησοίμεθᾰ εἰρήσοισθε εἰρήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive ἐρέειν ἐρέεσθαι εἰρήσεσθαι
participle m ἐρέων ἐρεόμενος εἰρησόμενος
f ἐρέουσᾰ ἐρεομένη εἰρησομένη
n ἐρέον ἐρεόμενον εἰρησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἐρῶ, ἐροῦμαι, εἰρήσομαι (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρῶ ἐρεῖς ἐρεῖ ἐρεῖτον ἐρεῖτον ἐροῦμεν ἐρεῖτε ἐροῦσῐ(ν)
optative ἐροίην,
ἐροῖμῐ 		ἐροίης,
ἐροῖς 		ἐροίη,
ἐροῖ 		ἐροῖτον,
ἐροίητον 		ἐροίτην,
ἐροιήτην 		ἐροῖμεν,
ἐροίημεν 		ἐροῖτε,
ἐροίητε 		ἐροῖεν,
ἐροίησᾰν
middle indicative ἐροῦμαι ἐρῇ ἐρεῖται ἐρεῖσθον ἐρεῖσθον ἐρούμεθᾰ ἐρεῖσθε ἐροῦνται
optative ἐροίμην ἐροῖο ἐροῖτο ἐροῖσθον ἐροίσθην ἐροίμεθᾰ ἐροῖσθε ἐροῖντο
passive indicative εἰρήσομαι εἰρήσῃ εἰρήσεται εἰρήσεσθον εἰρήσεσθον εἰρησόμεθᾰ εἰρήσεσθε εἰρήσονται
optative εἰρησοίμην εἰρήσοιο εἰρήσοιτο εἰρήσοισθον εἰρησοίσθην εἰρησοίμεθᾰ εἰρήσοισθε εἰρήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive ἐρεῖν ἐρεῖσθαι εἰρήσεσθαι
participle m ἐρῶν ἐρούμενος εἰρησόμενος
f ἐροῦσᾰ ἐρουμένη εἰρησομένη
n ἐροῦν ἐρούμενον εἰρησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ῥηθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
passive indicative ῥηθήσομαι ῥηθήσῃ ῥηθήσεται ῥηθήσεσθον ῥηθήσεσθον ῥηθησόμεθᾰ ῥηθήσεσθε ῥηθήσονται
optative ῥηθησοίμην ῥηθήσοιο ῥηθήσοιτο ῥηθήσοισθον ῥηθησοίσθην ῥηθησοίμεθᾰ ῥηθήσοισθε ῥηθήσοιντο
passive
infinitive ῥηθήσεσθαι
participle m ῥηθησόμενος
f ῥηθησομένη
n ῥηθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐρρήθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
passive indicative ἐρρήθην ἐρρήθης ἐρρήθη ἐρρήθητον ἐρρηθήτην ἐρρήθημεν ἐρρήθητε ἐρρήθησᾰν
subjunctive ῥηθῶ ῥηθῇς ῥηθῇ ῥηθῆτον ῥηθῆτον ῥηθῶμεν ῥηθῆτε ῥηθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ῥηθείην ῥηθείης ῥηθείη ῥηθεῖτον,
ῥηθείητον 		ῥηθείτην,
ῥηθειήτην 		ῥηθεῖμεν,
ῥηθείημεν 		ῥηθεῖτε,
ῥηθείητε 		ῥηθεῖεν,
ῥηθείησᾰν
imperative   ῥήθητῐ ῥηθήτω ῥήθητον ῥηθήτων   ῥήθητε ῥηθέντων
passive
infinitive ῥηθῆναι
participle m ῥηθείς
f ῥηθεῖσᾰ
n ῥηθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐρρέθην (Koine)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
passive indicative ἐρρέθην ἐρρέθης ἐρρέθη ἐρρέθητον ἐρρεθήτην ἐρρέθημεν ἐρρέθητε ἐρρέθησᾰν
subjunctive ῥεθῶ ῥεθῇς ῥεθῇ ῥεθῆτον ῥεθῆτον ῥεθῶμεν ῥεθῆτε ῥεθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ῥεθείην ῥεθείης ῥεθείη ῥεθεῖτον,
ῥεθείητον 		ῥεθείτην,
ῥεθειήτην 		ῥεθεῖμεν,
ῥεθείημεν 		ῥεθεῖτε,
ῥεθείητε 		ῥεθεῖεν,
ῥεθείησᾰν
imperative   ῥέθητῐ ῥεθήτω ῥέθητον ῥεθήτων   ῥέθητε ῥεθέντων
passive
infinitive ῥεθῆναι
participle m ῥεθείς
f ῥεθεῖσᾰ
n ῥεθέν
   Perfect: εἴρηκᾰ, εἴρημαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἴρηκᾰ εἴρηκᾰς εἴρηκε(ν) εἰρήκᾰτον εἰρήκᾰτον εἰρήκᾰμεν εἰρήκᾰτε εἰρήκᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive εἰρήκω εἰρήκῃς εἰρήκῃ εἰρήκητον εἰρήκητον εἰρήκωμεν εἰρήκητε εἰρήκωσῐ(ν)
optative εἰρήκοιμῐ,
εἰρηκοίην 		εἰρήκοις,
εἰρηκοίης 		εἰρήκοι,
εἰρηκοίη 		εἰρήκοιτον εἰρηκοίτην εἰρήκοιμεν εἰρήκοιτε εἰρήκοιεν
imperative   εἴρηκε εἰρηκέτω εἰρήκετον εἰρηκέτων   εἰρήκετε εἰρηκόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative εἴρημαι εἴρησαι εἴρηται εἴρησθον εἴρησθον εἰρήμεθᾰ εἴρησθε εἰρημένοι εἰσῐ́(ν)
subjunctive εἰρημένος ὦ εἰρημένος ᾖς εἰρημένος ᾖ εἰρημένω ἦτον εἰρημένω ἦτον εἰρημένοι ὦμεν εἰρημένοι ἦτε εἰρημένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative εἰρημένος εἴην εἰρημένος εἴης εἰρημένος εἴη εἰρημένω εἴητον/εἶτον εἰρημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην εἰρημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν εἰρημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε εἰρημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   εἴρησο εἰρήσθω εἴρησθον εἰρήσθων   εἴρησθε εἰρήσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive εἰρηκέναι εἰρῆσθαι
participle m εἰρηκώς εἰρημένος
f εἰρηκυῖᾰ εἰρημένη
n εἰρηκός εἰρημένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: εἰρήκειν, εἰρήμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἰρήκειν,
εἰρήκη 		εἰρήκεις,
εἰρήκης 		εἰρήκει(ν) εἰρήκετον εἰρηκέτην εἰρήκεμεν εἰρήκετε εἰρήκεσᾰν
middle/
passive 		indicative εἰρήμην εἴρησο εἴρητο εἴρησθον εἰρήσθην εἰρήμεθᾰ εἴρησθε εἴρηντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Synonyms
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “εἴρω 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393

Further reading

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