λέγω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Hellenic *légō, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”). Cognates include Latin legō and Albanian mbledh.[1]

    Pronunciation

     

    Verb

    λέγω • (légō)

    2. to put in order, arrange, gather
    3. to choose, count, reckon

    Usage notes

    All tenses besides present and imperfect are generally limited to Homer and other earlier writers (although they remain in compound words such as ἀπολέγω (apolégō), ἐκλέγω (eklégō), and καταλέγω (katalégō)).

    Inflection

       Present: λέγω, λέγομαι
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative λέγω λέγεις λέγει λέγετον λέγετον λέγομεν λέγετε λέγουσῐ(ν)
    subjunctive λέγω λέγῃς λέγῃ λέγητον λέγητον λέγωμεν λέγητε λέγωσῐ(ν)
    optative λέγοιμῐ λέγοις λέγοι λέγοιτον λεγοίτην λέγοιμεν λέγοιτε λέγοιεν
    imperative   λέγε λεγέτω λέγετον λεγέτων   λέγετε λεγόντων
    middle/
    passive     		indicative λέγομαι λέγῃ,
    λέγει     		λέγεται λέγεσθον λέγεσθον λεγόμεθᾰ λέγεσθε λέγονται
    subjunctive λέγωμαι λέγῃ λέγηται λέγησθον λέγησθον λεγώμεθᾰ λέγησθε λέγωνται
    optative λεγοίμην λέγοιο λέγοιτο λέγοισθον λεγοίσθην λεγοίμεθᾰ λέγοισθε λέγοιντο
    imperative   λέγου λεγέσθω λέγεσθον λεγέσθων   λέγεσθε λεγέσθων
    active middle/passive
    infinitive λέγειν λέγεσθαι
    participle m λέγων λεγόμενος
    f λέγουσᾰ λεγομένη
    n λέγον λεγόμενον
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Imperfect: ἔλεγον, ἐλεγόμην
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative ἔλεγον ἔλεγες ἔλεγε(ν) ἐλέγετον ἐλεγέτην ἐλέγομεν ἐλέγετε ἔλεγον
    middle/
    passive     		indicative ἐλεγόμην ἐλέγου ἐλέγετο ἐλέγεσθον ἐλεγέσθην ἐλεγόμεθᾰ ἐλέγεσθε ἐλέγοντο
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Future: λέξω, λέξομαι
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative λέξω λέξεις λέξει λέξετον λέξετον λέξομεν λέξετε λέξουσῐ(ν)
    optative λέξοιμῐ λέξοις λέξοι λέξοιτον λεξοίτην λέξοιμεν λέξοιτε λέξοιεν
    middle indicative λέξομαι λέξῃ,
    λέξει     		λέξεται λέξεσθον λέξεσθον λεξόμεθᾰ λέξεσθε λέξονται
    optative λεξοίμην λέξοιο λέξοιτο λέξοισθον λεξοίσθην λεξοίμεθᾰ λέξοισθε λέξοιντο
    active middle
    infinitive λέξειν λέξεσθαι
    participle m λέξων λεξόμενος
    f λέξουσᾰ λεξομένη
    n λέξον λεξόμενον
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Aorist: ἔλεξᾰ, ἐλεξᾰ́μην, ἐλέχθην
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative ἔλεξᾰ ἔλεξᾰς ἔλεξε(ν) ἐλέξᾰτον ἐλεξᾰ́την ἐλέξᾰμεν ἐλέξᾰτε ἔλεξᾰν
    subjunctive λέξω λέξῃς λέξῃ λέξητον λέξητον λέξωμεν λέξητε λέξωσῐ(ν)
    optative λέξαιμῐ λέξειᾰς,
    λέξαις     		λέξειε(ν),
    λέξαι     		λέξαιτον λεξαίτην λέξαιμεν λέξαιτε λέξειᾰν,
    λέξαιεν
    imperative   λέξον λεξᾰ́τω λέξᾰτον λεξᾰ́των   λέξᾰτε λεξᾰ́ντων
    middle indicative ἐλεξᾰ́μην ἐλέξω ἐλέξᾰτο ἐλέξᾰσθον ἐλεξᾰ́σθην ἐλεξᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐλέξᾰσθε ἐλέξᾰντο
    subjunctive λέξωμαι λέξῃ λέξηται λέξησθον λέξησθον λεξώμεθᾰ λέξησθε λέξωνται
    optative λεξαίμην λέξαιο λέξαιτο λέξαισθον λεξαίσθην λεξαίμεθᾰ λέξαισθε λέξαιντο
    imperative   λέξαι λεξᾰ́σθω λέξᾰσθον λεξᾰ́σθων   λέξᾰσθε λεξᾰ́σθων
    passive indicative ἐλέχθην ἐλέχθης ἐλέχθη ἐλέχθητον ἐλεχθήτην ἐλέχθημεν ἐλέχθητε ἐλέχθησᾰν
    subjunctive λεχθῶ λεχθῇς λεχθῇ λεχθῆτον λεχθῆτον λεχθῶμεν λεχθῆτε λεχθῶσῐ(ν)
    optative λεχθείην λεχθείης λεχθείη λεχθεῖτον,
    λεχθείητον     		λεχθείτην,
    λεχθειήτην     		λεχθεῖμεν,
    λεχθείημεν     		λεχθεῖτε,
    λεχθείητε     		λεχθεῖεν,
    λεχθείησᾰν
    imperative   λέχθητῐ λεχθήτω λέχθητον λεχθήτων   λέχθητε λεχθέντων
    active middle passive
    infinitive λέξαι λέξᾰσθαι λεχθῆναι
    participle m λέξᾱς λεξᾰ́μενος λεχθείς
    f λέξᾱσᾰ λεξᾰμένη λεχθεῖσᾰ
    n λέξᾰν λεξᾰ́μενον λεχθέν
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Aorist: ἐλέγην
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    passive indicative ἐλέγην ἐλέγης ἐλέγη ἐλέγητον ἐλεγήτην ἐλέγημεν ἐλέγητε ἐλέγησᾰν
    subjunctive λεγῶ λεγῇς λεγῇ λεγῆτον λεγῆτον λεγῶμεν λεγῆτε λεγῶσῐ(ν)
    optative λεγείην λεγείης λεγείη λεγεῖτον,
    λεγείητον     		λεγείτην,
    λεγειήτην     		λεγεῖμεν,
    λεγείημεν     		λεγεῖτε,
    λεγείητε     		λεγεῖεν,
    λεγείησᾰν
    imperative   λέγηθῐ λεγήτω λέγητον λεγήτων   λέγητε λεγέντων
    passive
    infinitive λεγῆναι
    participle m λεγείς
    f λεγεῖσᾰ
    n λεγέν
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Perfect: εἴλοχᾰ, εἴλεγμαι
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative εἴλοχᾰ εἴλοχᾰς εἴλοχε(ν) εἰλόχᾰτον εἰλόχᾰτον εἰλόχᾰμεν εἰλόχᾰτε εἰλόχᾱσῐ(ν)
    subjunctive εἰλόχω εἰλόχῃς εἰλόχῃ εἰλόχητον εἰλόχητον εἰλόχωμεν εἰλόχητε εἰλόχωσῐ(ν)
    optative εἰλόχοιμῐ,
    εἰλοχοίην     		εἰλόχοις,
    εἰλοχοίης     		εἰλόχοι,
    εἰλοχοίη     		εἰλόχοιτον εἰλοχοίτην εἰλόχοιμεν εἰλόχοιτε εἰλόχοιεν
    imperative   εἴλοχε εἰλοχέτω εἰλόχετον εἰλοχέτων   εἰλόχετε εἰλοχόντων
    middle/
    passive     		indicative εἴλεγμαι εἴλεξαι εἴλεκται εἴλεχθον εἴλεχθον εἰλέγμεθᾰ εἴλεχθε εἰλέγᾰται
    subjunctive εἰλεγμένος ὦ εἰλεγμένος ᾖς εἰλεγμένος ᾖ εἰλεγμένω ἦτον εἰλεγμένω ἦτον εἰλεγμένοι ὦμεν εἰλεγμένοι ἦτε εἰλεγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
    optative εἰλεγμένος εἴην εἰλεγμένος εἴης εἰλεγμένος εἴη εἰλεγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον εἰλεγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην εἰλεγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν εἰλεγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε εἰλεγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
    imperative   εἴλεξο εἰλέχθω εἴλεχθον εἰλέχθων   εἴλεχθε εἰλέχθων
    active middle/passive
    infinitive εἰλοχέναι εἰλέχθαι
    participle m εἰλοχώς εἰλεγμένος
    f εἰλοχυῖᾰ εἰλεγμένη
    n εἰλοχός εἰλεγμένον
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Perfect: λέλεγμαι rare
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    middle/
    passive     		indicative λέλεγμαι λέλεξαι λέλεκται λέλεχθον λέλεχθον λελέγμεθᾰ λέλεχθε λελέγᾰται
    subjunctive λελεγμένος ὦ λελεγμένος ᾖς λελεγμένος ᾖ λελεγμένω ἦτον λελεγμένω ἦτον λελεγμένοι ὦμεν λελεγμένοι ἦτε λελεγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
    optative λελεγμένος εἴην λελεγμένος εἴης λελεγμένος εἴη λελεγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον λελεγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην λελεγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν λελεγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε λελεγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
    imperative   λέλεξο λελέχθω λέλεχθον λελέχθων   λέλεχθε λελέχθων
    middle/passive
    infinitive λελέχθαι
    participle m λελεγμένος
    f λελεγμένη
    n λελεγμένον
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

    Also: Aorist athematic middle indicative 3rd singular, Epic: λέκτο (lékto) (Odyssey 4,451; 9,335)

    Derived terms

    choose, arrange
    • ἀπολέγω (apolégō, “to pick out from; decline, refuse; speak fully”)
    • διαλέγω (dialégō, “to to choose, gather, pick (out), select; to converse, lecture (in middle voice)”)
    • ἐκλέγω (eklégō, “to pick, select”)
    • ἐπιλέγω (epilégō, “to choose”)
    • παραλέγω (paralégō, “to pluck superfluous hair”)
    • συλλέγω (sullégō, “to gather, collect (of persons)”)

    Descendants

    • Greek: -λέγω (-légo) (in compounds, sense: choose)

    References

    Verb

    λέγω • (légō)

    2. to say, speak, converse, tell a story
    3. (middle passive) to mean

    Usage notes

    For the meaning "say, speak", forms derived from other roots are more commonly used (suppletion): the future ἐρέω (eréō), future passive ῥηθήσομαι (rhēthḗsomai), and perfect εἴρηκᾰ (eírēkă) from εἴρω (eírō), as well as the aorist εἶπον (eîpon).

    Inflection

       Present: λέγω, λέγομαι
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative λέγω λέγεις λέγει λέγετον λέγετον λέγομεν λέγετε λέγουσῐ(ν)
    subjunctive λέγω λέγῃς λέγῃ λέγητον λέγητον λέγωμεν λέγητε λέγωσῐ(ν)
    optative λέγοιμῐ λέγοις λέγοι λέγοιτον λεγοίτην λέγοιμεν λέγοιτε λέγοιεν
    imperative   λέγε λεγέτω λέγετον λεγέτων   λέγετε λεγόντων
    middle/
    passive     		indicative λέγομαι λέγῃ,
    λέγει     		λέγεται λέγεσθον λέγεσθον λεγόμεθᾰ λέγεσθε λέγονται
    subjunctive λέγωμαι λέγῃ λέγηται λέγησθον λέγησθον λεγώμεθᾰ λέγησθε λέγωνται
    optative λεγοίμην λέγοιο λέγοιτο λέγοισθον λεγοίσθην λεγοίμεθᾰ λέγοισθε λέγοιντο
    imperative   λέγου λεγέσθω λέγεσθον λεγέσθων   λέγεσθε λεγέσθων
    active middle/passive
    infinitive λέγειν λέγεσθαι
    participle m λέγων λεγόμενος
    f λέγουσᾰ λεγομένη
    n λέγον λεγόμενον
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Imperfect: ἔλεγον, ἐλεγόμην
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative ἔλεγον ἔλεγες ἔλεγε(ν) ἐλέγετον ἐλεγέτην ἐλέγομεν ἐλέγετε ἔλεγον
    middle/
    passive     		indicative ἐλεγόμην ἐλέγου ἐλέγετο ἐλέγεσθον ἐλεγέσθην ἐλεγόμεθᾰ ἐλέγεσθε ἐλέγοντο
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Future: λέξω, λέξομαι, λεχθήσομαι
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative λέξω λέξεις λέξει λέξετον λέξετον λέξομεν λέξετε λέξουσῐ(ν)
    optative λέξοιμῐ λέξοις λέξοι λέξοιτον λεξοίτην λέξοιμεν λέξοιτε λέξοιεν
    middle indicative λέξομαι λέξῃ,
    λέξει     		λέξεται λέξεσθον λέξεσθον λεξόμεθᾰ λέξεσθε λέξονται
    optative λεξοίμην λέξοιο λέξοιτο λέξοισθον λεξοίσθην λεξοίμεθᾰ λέξοισθε λέξοιντο
    passive indicative λεχθήσομαι λεχθήσῃ λεχθήσεται λεχθήσεσθον λεχθήσεσθον λεχθησόμεθᾰ λεχθήσεσθε λεχθήσονται
    optative λεχθησοίμην λεχθήσοιο λεχθήσοιτο λεχθήσοισθον λεχθησοίσθην λεχθησοίμεθᾰ λεχθήσοισθε λεχθήσοιντο
    active middle passive
    infinitive λέξειν λέξεσθαι λεχθήσεσθαι
    participle m λέξων λεξόμενος λεχθησόμενος
    f λέξουσᾰ λεξομένη λεχθησομένη
    n λέξον λεξόμενον λεχθησόμενον
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Aorist: ἔλεξᾰ, ἐλεξᾰ́μην, ἐλέχθην
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative ἔλεξᾰ ἔλεξᾰς ἔλεξε(ν) ἐλέξᾰτον ἐλεξᾰ́την ἐλέξᾰμεν ἐλέξᾰτε ἔλεξᾰν
    subjunctive λέξω λέξῃς λέξῃ λέξητον λέξητον λέξωμεν λέξητε λέξωσῐ(ν)
    optative λέξαιμῐ λέξειᾰς,
    λέξαις     		λέξειε(ν),
    λέξαι     		λέξαιτον λεξαίτην λέξαιμεν λέξαιτε λέξειᾰν,
    λέξαιεν
    imperative   λέξον λεξᾰ́τω λέξᾰτον λεξᾰ́των   λέξᾰτε λεξᾰ́ντων
    middle indicative ἐλεξᾰ́μην ἐλέξω ἐλέξᾰτο ἐλέξᾰσθον ἐλεξᾰ́σθην ἐλεξᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐλέξᾰσθε ἐλέξᾰντο
    subjunctive λέξωμαι λέξῃ λέξηται λέξησθον λέξησθον λεξώμεθᾰ λέξησθε λέξωνται
    optative λεξαίμην λέξαιο λέξαιτο λέξαισθον λεξαίσθην λεξαίμεθᾰ λέξαισθε λέξαιντο
    imperative   λέξαι λεξᾰ́σθω λέξᾰσθον λεξᾰ́σθων   λέξᾰσθε λεξᾰ́σθων
    passive indicative ἐλέχθην ἐλέχθης ἐλέχθη ἐλέχθητον ἐλεχθήτην ἐλέχθημεν ἐλέχθητε ἐλέχθησᾰν
    subjunctive λεχθῶ λεχθῇς λεχθῇ λεχθῆτον λεχθῆτον λεχθῶμεν λεχθῆτε λεχθῶσῐ(ν)
    optative λεχθείην λεχθείης λεχθείη λεχθεῖτον,
    λεχθείητον     		λεχθείτην,
    λεχθειήτην     		λεχθεῖμεν,
    λεχθείημεν     		λεχθεῖτε,
    λεχθείητε     		λεχθεῖεν,
    λεχθείησᾰν
    imperative   λέχθητῐ λεχθήτω λέχθητον λεχθήτων   λέχθητε λεχθέντων
    active middle passive
    infinitive λέξαι λέξᾰσθαι λεχθῆναι
    participle m λέξᾱς λεξᾰ́μενος λεχθείς
    f λέξᾱσᾰ λεξᾰμένη λεχθεῖσᾰ
    n λέξᾰν λεξᾰ́μενον λεχθέν
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Perfect: λέλεχᾰ, λέλεγμαι
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    active indicative λέλεχᾰ λέλεχᾰς λέλεχε(ν) λελέχᾰτον λελέχᾰτον λελέχᾰμεν λελέχᾰτε λελέχᾱσῐ(ν)
    subjunctive λελέχω λελέχῃς λελέχῃ λελέχητον λελέχητον λελέχωμεν λελέχητε λελέχωσῐ(ν)
    optative λελέχοιμῐ,
    λελεχοίην     		λελέχοις,
    λελεχοίης     		λελέχοι,
    λελεχοίη     		λελέχοιτον λελεχοίτην λελέχοιμεν λελέχοιτε λελέχοιεν
    imperative   λέλεχε λελεχέτω λελέχετον λελεχέτων   λελέχετε λελεχόντων
    middle/
    passive     		indicative λέλεγμαι λέλεξαι λέλεκται λέλεχθον λέλεχθον λελέγμεθᾰ λέλεχθε λελέγᾰται
    subjunctive λελεγμένος ὦ λελεγμένος ᾖς λελεγμένος ᾖ λελεγμένω ἦτον λελεγμένω ἦτον λελεγμένοι ὦμεν λελεγμένοι ἦτε λελεγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
    optative λελεγμένος εἴην λελεγμένος εἴης λελεγμένος εἴη λελεγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον λελεγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην λελεγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν λελεγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε λελεγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
    imperative   λέλεξο λελέχθω λέλεχθον λελέχθων   λέλεχθε λελέχθων
    active middle/passive
    infinitive λελεχέναι λελέχθαι
    participle m λελεχώς λελεγμένος
    f λελεχυῖᾰ λελεγμένη
    n λελεχός λελεγμένον
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Pluperfect: ἐλελέγμην
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    middle/
    passive     		indicative ἐλελέγμην ἐλέλεξο ἐλέλεκτο ἐλέλεχθον ἐλελέχθην ἐλελέγμεθᾰ ἐλέλεχθε ἐλελέγᾰτο
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
       Future perfect: λελέξομαι
    number singular dual plural
    first second third second third first second third
    middle/
    passive     		indicative λελέξομαι λελέξῃ,
    λελέξει     		λελέξεται λελέξεσθον λελέξεσθον λελεξόμεθᾰ λελέξεσθε λελέξονται
    optative λελεξοίμην λελέξοιο λελέξοιτο λελέξοισθον λελεξοίσθην λελεξοίμεθᾰ λελέξοισθε λελέξοιντο
    middle/passive
    infinitive λελέξεσθαι
    participle m λελεξόμενος
    f λελεξομένη
    n λελεξόμενον
    Notes:
    This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

    Synonyms

    Derived terms

    say, speak
    • ἀμφιλέγω (amphilégō, “to dispute, to doubt”)
    • ἀντιλέγω (antilégō, “to speak against”)
    • ἀπολέγω (apolégō, “to pick out from; decline, refuse; speak fully (2nd sense)”)
    • διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue”)
    • ἐπαναλέγω (epanalégō, “to repeat”)
    • καταλέγω (katalégō, “to reckon, tell at length and in order”)
    • παραλέγω (paralégō, “to speak beside the purpose”)
    • παραπρολέγω (paraprolégō, “to prophesy falsely”)
    • προδιαλέγω (prodialégō, “to discuss before”)
    • προλέγω (prolégō, “to foretell”)
    • προσλέγω (proslégō, “to add, say in addition”)
    • πρωτολόγος (prōtológos, “ speaking first ”)
    • ὑπολέγω (hupolégō, “to dictate”)

    Descendants

    References

    1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “λέγω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 841-2

    Further reading

    Greek

    Etymology

    From Ancient Greek λέγω (légō) (λέγω, sense: 'say').

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈle.ɣo/
    • Hyphenation: λέ‧γω

    Verb

    λέγω • (légo) (past είπα, passive λέγομαι)

    1. (formal) alternative form of λέω (léo, “to say”)

    Conjugation

    see: λέω (léo)

    Derived terms

    From the ancient λέγω, sense: 'say'

    See also

    From the ancient λέγω, sense: 'choose'

    • αποδιαλέγω (apodialégo, “pick”) (colloquial)
    • διαλέγω (dialégo, “choose”)
    • εκλέγω (eklégo, “elect”)
    • επανεκλέγω (epaneklégo, “reelect”)
    • επιλέγω (epilégo, “choose, pick”)
    • καταλέγομαι (katalégomai, “be included, registered”)
    • ξεδιαλέγω (xedialégo, “pick among”)
    • περισυλλέγω (perisyllégo, “choose, pick”)
    • προεπιλέγω (proepilégo, “choose beforehand”)
    • συγκαταλέγω (sygkatalégo, “include”)
    • συλλέγω (syllégo, “collect”)
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