κράτος
See also: κρατός
Ancient Greek
FWOTD – 13 November 2020
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *krét-os, from *kret- (“strength; intelligence”). Cognates include Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎- (xratu-), and Old English heard (“hard”) (whence English hard).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /krá.tos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkra.tos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkra.tos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkra.tos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkra.tos/
Noun
κρᾰ́τος • (krắtos) n (genitive κρᾰ́τεος or κρᾰ́τους); third declension
- might, strength
- act of strength, act of valour
- (in the plural) acts of violence
- dominion, power
- 66-90 C.E., Jude, Epistle of Jude 1.25:
- μόνῳ σοφῷ Θεῷ σωτῆρι ἡμῶν δόξα καὶ μεγαλωσύνη, κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία, καὶ νῦν καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας Ἀμήν
- mónōi sophōî Theōî sōtêri hēmôn dóxa kaì megalōsúnē, krátos kaì exousía, kaì nûn kaì eis pántas toùs aiônas Amḗn
- To God, our saviour, who alone is wise, be glory and majesty, power and authority, both now and in every age, amen.
- μόνῳ σοφῷ Θεῷ σωτῆρι ἡμῶν δόξα καὶ μεγαλωσύνη, κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία, καὶ νῦν καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας Ἀμήν
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ κρᾰ́τος tò krắtos |
τὼ κρᾰ́τει tṑ krắtei |
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́τη tằ krắtē | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ κρᾰ́τους toû krắtous |
τοῖν κρᾰτοῖν toîn krătoîn |
τῶν κρᾰτῶν tôn krătôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ κρᾰ́τει tōî krắtei |
τοῖν κρᾰτοῖν toîn krătoîn |
τοῖς κρᾰ́τεσῐ / κρᾰ́τεσῐν toîs krắtesĭ(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ κρᾰ́τος tò krắtos |
τὼ κρᾰ́τει tṑ krắtei |
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́τη tằ krắtē | ||||||||||
| Vocative | κρᾰ́τος krắtos |
κρᾰ́τει krắtei |
κρᾰ́τη krắtē | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | κρᾰ́τος krắtos |
κρᾰ́τει / κρᾰ́τεε krắtei / krắtee |
κρᾰ́τεᾰ krắteă | ||||||||||
| Genitive | κρᾰ́τεος / κρᾰ́τευς krắteos / krắteus |
κρᾰτέοιν krătéoin |
κρᾰτέων krătéōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | κρᾰ́τει / κρᾰ́τεῐ̈ krắtei / krắteĭ̈ |
κρᾰτέοιν krătéoin |
κρᾰ́τεσῐ / κρᾰ́τεσῐν krắtesĭ(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | κρᾰ́τος krắtos |
κρᾰ́τει / κρᾰ́τεε krắtei / krắtee |
κρᾰ́τεᾰ krắteă | ||||||||||
| Vocative | κρᾰ́τος krắtos |
κρᾰ́τει / κρᾰ́τεε krắtei / krắtee |
κρᾰ́τεᾰ krắteă | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀκρᾰτής (akrătḗs)
- Ᾰ̓μφῐκρᾰ́της (Ămphĭkrắtēs)
- Ᾰ̓νᾰξῐκρᾰ́της (Ănăxĭkrắtēs)
- Ᾰ̓ντῐκρᾰ́της (Ăntĭkrắtēs)
- αὐτοκρᾰτής (autokrătḗs)
- Δεινοκρᾰ́της (Deinokrắtēs)
- Δημοκρᾰ́της (Dēmokrắtēs)
- δικρατής (dikratḗs)
- ἐγκρατής (enkratḗs)
- ἐπικρατής (epikratḗs)
- Ἑρμοκρᾰ́της (Hermokrắtēs)
- Εὐρυκρᾰ́της (Eurukrắtēs)
- Ἐχεκρᾰ́της (Ekhekrắtēs)
- Ῐ̔πποκρᾰ́της (Hĭppokrắtēs)
- Ἰσοκρᾰ́της (Isokrắtēs)
- ἰσοκρατής (isokratḗs)
- Ῑ̓φῐκρᾰ́της (Īphĭkrắtēs)
- κάρτα (kárta)
- κρᾰ́ταιγος (krắtaigos)
- κρατέω (kratéō)
- Κράτης (Krátēs)
- Κρᾰ́τιππος (Krắtippos)
- Κρᾰτῠ́λος (Krătŭ́los)
- κρατῡ́νω (kratū́nō)
- Μενεκρᾰ́της (Menekrắtēs)
- Ναύκρᾰτῐς (Naúkrătĭs)
- Ξενοκρᾰ́της (Xenokrắtēs)
- παγκρατής (pankratḗs)
- περικρατής (perikratḗs)
- πολυκρατής (polukratḗs)
- Πολῠκρᾰ́της (Polŭkrắtēs)
- Σωκρᾰ́της (Sōkrắtēs)
- Τῑμοκρᾰ́της (Tīmokrắtēs)
- Τισικρᾰ́της (Tisikrắtēs)
- Φῐλοκρᾰ́της (Phĭlokrắtēs)
Descendants
- Greek: κράτος (krátos)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κράτος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 772-3
Further reading
- “κράτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κράτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κράτος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κράτος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- κράτος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “κράτος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2904 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- ascendency idem, page 43.
- authority idem, page 53.
- chieftainship idem, page 129.
- command idem, page 146.
- conquest idem, page 161.
- control idem, page 170.
- crown idem, page 186.
- direction idem, page 226.
- dominance idem, page 247.
- domination idem, page 247.
- empire idem, page 269.
- government idem, page 368.
- governorship idem, page 368.
- greatness idem, page 372.
- kingship idem, page 470.
- lordship idem, page 500.
- mastery idem, page 517.
- might idem, page 528.
- paramountcy idem, page 592.
- power idem, page 630.
- predominance idem, page 634.
- principality idem, page 641.
- reign idem, page 688.
- royalty idem, page 724.
- rule idem, page 725.
- sceptre idem, page 738.
- sovereignty idem, page 797.
- strength idem, page 824.
- superiority idem, page 839.
- supremacy idem, page 842.
- supreme idem, page 842.
- sway idem, page 847.
- throne idem, page 870.
- triumph idem, page 896.
- victory idem, page 951.
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “might, power”), from Proto-Indo-European *kret-.
Noun
κράτος • (krátos) n (plural κράτη)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | κράτος (krátos) | κράτη (kráti) |
| genitive | κράτους (krátous) | κρατών (kratón) |
| accusative | κράτος (krátos) | κράτη (kráti) |
| vocative | κράτος (krátos) | κράτη (kráti) |
Coordinate terms
Derived terms
- κράτος πρόνοιας n (krátos prónoias, “welfare state”)
Related terms
- κρατικός (kratikós, “state, government”, adjective)
- κρατιστής m (kratistís, “statist”)
- κρατούμενη f (kratoúmeni, “prisoner, detainee”)
- κρατούμενος m (kratoúmenos, “prisoner, detainee”)
- κρατώ (krató, “to detain, to hold”)