κῶμα

See also: κώμα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unknown. Brugmann's derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *kōi-mn̥, from *ḱey- (“to lie down, settle”) (whence also κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie outstretched”)), is rejected by Beekes for what is in his view an unacceptable lengthened grade ablaut.^[1] Another theory tentatively derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ḱumbʰ- (compare Latin incumbō (“to lie down”), English coomb and Old English cumb (“hollow; narrow valley”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kɔ̂ː.ma/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/

Noun

κῶμα • (kôma) n (genitive κώματος); third declension

deep sleep, lethargy
Synonyms: κᾰ́ρος (kắros), νῶκᾰρ (nôkăr)
coma

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ κῶμᾰ; τοῦ κώμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κῶμᾰ tò kômă	τὼ κώμᾰτε tṑ kṓmăte	τᾰ̀ κώμᾰτᾰ tằ kṓmătă
Genitive	τοῦ κώμᾰτος toû kṓmătos	τοῖν κωμᾰ́τοιν toîn kōmắtoin	τῶν κωμᾰ́των tôn kōmắtōn
Dative	τῷ κώμᾰτῐ tōî kṓmătĭ	τοῖν κωμᾰ́τοιν toîn kōmắtoin	τοῖς κώμᾰσῐ / κώμᾰσῐν toîs kṓmăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ κῶμᾰ tò kômă	τὼ κώμᾰτε tṑ kṓmăte	τᾰ̀ κώμᾰτᾰ tằ kṓmătă
Vocative	κῶμᾰ kômă	κώμᾰτε kṓmăte	κώμᾰτᾰ kṓmătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→ Armenian: կոմա (koma)
→ Azerbaijani: koma
→ Belarusian: ко́ма (kóma)
→ Bulgarian: ко́ма (kóma)
→ Catalan: coma
→ Czech: kóma
→ Danish: koma
→ Dutch: coma
→ English: coma
→ Estonian: kooma
→ Finnish: kooma
→ French: coma
→ Georgian: კომა (ḳoma)
→ German: Koma
Greek: κώμα (kóma)
→ Hindi: कोमा (komā)
→ Hungarian: kóma
→ Italian: coma, ⇒ comatoso
→ Kazakh: кома (koma)
→ Kyrgyz: кома (koma)
→ Latvian: koma
→ Lithuanian: koma
→ Luxembourgish: Koma
→ Macedonian: ко́ма (kóma)
→ Norwegian Bokmål: koma
→ Persian: کما (komâ)
→ Polish: koma
→ Portuguese: coma
→ Romanian: comă
→ Russian: ко́ма (kóma)
→ Serbo-Croatian: koma
→ Slovak: kóma
→ Slovene: koma
→ Spanish: coma
→ Swedish: koma
→ Tajik: кома (koma)
→ Thai: โคม่า (koh-mâa)
→ Turkish: koma
→ Turkmen: koma
→ Ukrainian: ко́ма (kóma)
→ Urdu: کوما (komā)
→ Uzbek: koma
→ Welsh: côma

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κῶμα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 814

“κῶμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“κῶμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“κῶμα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
κῶμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
κῶμα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“κῶμα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
κῶμα, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κῶμα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 814

[1]