σταυρός

From Proto-Indo-European *steh₂u-rós (“pole”), from *steh₂- (“to stand”).; see also ῐ̔́στημῐ (hĭ́stēmĭ, “to set up, make stand”). Cognate with Icelandic staur (“stake, pole”), English stour (“id”), Swedish stör.^[1] Compare also staff.

σταυρός • (staurós) m (genitive σταυροῦ); second declension

1. upright stake or pile
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.11:

     σταυροὺς δ’ ἐκτὸς ἔλασσε διαμπερὲς ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα

     stauroùs d’ ektòs élasse diamperès éntha kaì éntha

     Outside he had driven stakes the whole length, this way and that.

2. cross, crucifix
   • 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 27:40:

     εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, κατάβηθι απὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ.

     ei huiòs eî toû theoû, katábēthi apò toû stauroû.

     If you are the son of God, come down from the cross!

• πᾶλος (pâlos)
• σκόλοψ (skólops)
• στᾰ́λῐξ (stắlĭx)
• χᾰ́ρᾰξ (khắrăx)
• βορσός (borsós)(Elean)(Note that this has been attested in the accusative, "βορσόν", and it is the theoretical nominative that would be "βορσός".)

• Greek: σταυρός (stavrós)
  • → Gagauz: stavroz
  • → Turkish: istavroz
• → Coptic: ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ (stauros)
• →⇒ Laz: სტაროშინა (sťaroşina)
• → Svan: სტა̄რუ̈̄ნ (sṭārǖn), სტა̄რუ̈ნ (sṭārün), სტა̄რინ (sṭārin), სტარუ̂ი̄ნ (sṭarûīn), უსტარუნ (usṭarun), უსტარუ̂ინ (usṭarûin)

• “σταυρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “σταυρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• σταυρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• σταυρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G4716 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • cross idem, page 185.
  • pale idem, page 589.
  • paling idem, page 590.
  • pile idem, page 612.
  • post idem, page 629.
  • stake idem, page 809.

From Ancient Greek σταυρός (staurós), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).

|IPA^(key): /staˈvɾos/ |Hyphenation: σταυ‧ρός

σταυρός • (stavrós) m (plural σταυροί)

1. cross (geometrical figure)

   Επειδή ο παππούς μου είναι αγράμματος, υπογράφει με σταυρό. ― Epeidí o pappoús mou eínai agrámmatos, ypográfei me stavró. ― Since my grandfather is illiterate, he signs with a cross.

2. (Christianity) cross, crucifix (cross on which one is crucified; usually refers to the one upon which Jesus Christ died)

   Ο Χριστός πέθανε πάνω στο σταυρό. ― O Christós péthane páno sto stavró. ― Christ died on the cross.

3. (figuratively) cross (difficult situation that must be endured)

   Ο καθένας σηκώνει μεγάλο σταυρό. ― O kathénas sikónei megálo stavró. ― Everyone has their own cross to bear.

4. (Christianity) cross, crucifix (representation of the crucifixion stake of Christ worn or displayed by Christians)

   Ο αρχιεπίσκοπος φοράει χρυσό σταυρό. ― O archiepískopos foráei chrysó stavró. ― The archbishop is wearing a gold cross.

5. (Christianity) sign of the cross (gesture of the hand moving over the front of one's body in the shape of a cross)

   κάνω τον σταυρό μου ― káno ton stavró mou ― I make (the sign of) the cross

6. (puppetry) control bar (wooden device used to control marionettes)
7. (anatomy, colloquial) glabella (space between the eyebrows and the nose)
8. (gymnastics) Iron Cross (maneuver in which both arms are extended straight out from the sides of the body while suspended mid air and holding onto rings)

• → Gagauz: stavroz
• → Turkish: istavroz

• σταυρός on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el