τιμωρέω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From τῑμωρός (tīmōrós, “avenging, avenger”) + -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix), a contraction of τῑμάορος (tīmáoros), from τῑμή (tīmḗ, “honour”) + ὁράω (horáō, “to see”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tiː.mɔː.ré.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ti.moˈre.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ti.moˈre.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ti.moˈre.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ti.moˈre.o/
Verb
τῑμωρέω • (tīmōréō)
- to avenge, exact vengeance
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 7.3.11:
- ἐγώ φημι, ὦ ἄνδρες, ἀποκτείναντας μὲν ὑμᾶς ἐμὲ τετιμωρηκότας ἔσεσθαι ἀνδρὶ τῷ πάντων ὑμῖν πολεμιωτάτῳ, γνόντας δὲ δίκαια πεποιηκέναι αὐτοὺς τετιμωρηκότας φανεῖσθαι ὑπέρ τε ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν συμμάχων ἁπάντων.
- egṓ phēmi, ô ándres, apokteínantas mèn humâs emè tetimōrēkótas ésesthai andrì tōî pántōn humîn polemiōtátōi, gnóntas dè díkaia pepoiēkénai autoùs tetimōrēkótas phaneîsthai hupér te humôn autôn kaì hupèr tôn summákhōn hapántōn.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- ἐγώ φημι, ὦ ἄνδρες, ἀποκτείναντας μὲν ὑμᾶς ἐμὲ τετιμωρηκότας ἔσεσθαι ἀνδρὶ τῷ πάντων ὑμῖν πολεμιωτάτῳ, γνόντας δὲ δίκαια πεποιηκέναι αὐτοὺς τετιμωρηκότας φανεῖσθαι ὑπέρ τε ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν συμμάχων ἁπάντων.
- to succour, help one retaliate
- to relieve, render medical aid
Inflection
Present: τῑμωρέω, τῑμωρέομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | τῑμωρέω | τῑμωρέεις | τῑμωρέει | τῑμωρέετον | τῑμωρέετον | τῑμωρέομεν | τῑμωρέετε | τῑμωρέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | τῑμωρέω | τῑμωρέῃς | τῑμωρέῃ | τῑμωρέητον | τῑμωρέητον | τῑμωρέωμεν | τῑμωρέητε | τῑμωρέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τῑμωρέοιμῐ | τῑμωρέοις | τῑμωρέοι | τῑμωρέοιτον | τῑμωρεοίτην | τῑμωρέοιμεν | τῑμωρέοιτε | τῑμωρέοιεν | |||||
| imperative | τῑμώρεε | τῑμωρεέτω | τῑμωρέετον | τῑμωρεέτων | τῑμωρέετε | τῑμωρεόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | τῑμωρέομαι | τῑμωρέῃ, τῑμωρέει |
τῑμωρέεται | τῑμωρέεσθον | τῑμωρέεσθον | τῑμωρεόμεθᾰ | τῑμωρέεσθε | τῑμωρέονται | ||||
| subjunctive | τῑμωρέωμαι | τῑμωρέῃ | τῑμωρέηται | τῑμωρέησθον | τῑμωρέησθον | τῑμωρεώμεθᾰ | τῑμωρέησθε | τῑμωρέωνται | |||||
| optative | τῑμωρεοίμην | τῑμωρέοιο | τῑμωρέοιτο | τῑμωρέοισθον | τῑμωρεοίσθην | τῑμωρεοίμεθᾰ | τῑμωρέοισθε | τῑμωρέοιντο | |||||
| imperative | τῑμωρέου | τῑμωρεέσθω | τῑμωρέεσθον | τῑμωρεέσθων | τῑμωρέεσθε | τῑμωρεέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | τῑμωρέειν | τῑμωρέεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | τῑμωρέων | τῑμωρεόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | τῑμωρέουσᾰ | τῑμωρεομένη | |||||||||||
| n | τῑμωρέον | τῑμωρεόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Present: τῑμωρῶ, τῑμωροῦμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | τῑμωρῶ | τῑμωρεῖς | τῑμωρεῖ | τῑμωρεῖτον | τῑμωρεῖτον | τῑμωροῦμεν | τῑμωρεῖτε | τῑμωροῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | τῑμωρῶ | τῑμωρῇς | τῑμωρῇ | τῑμωρῆτον | τῑμωρῆτον | τῑμωρῶμεν | τῑμωρῆτε | τῑμωρῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τῑμωροίην, τῑμωροῖμῐ |
τῑμωροίης, τῑμωροῖς |
τῑμωροίη, τῑμωροῖ |
τῑμωροῖτον, τῑμωροίητον |
τῑμωροίτην, τῑμωροιήτην |
τῑμωροῖμεν, τῑμωροίημεν |
τῑμωροῖτε, τῑμωροίητε |
τῑμωροῖεν, τῑμωροίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | τῑμώρει | τῑμωρείτω | τῑμωρεῖτον | τῑμωρείτων | τῑμωρεῖτε | τῑμωρούντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | τῑμωροῦμαι | τῑμωρεῖ, τῑμωρῇ |
τῑμωρεῖται | τῑμωρεῖσθον | τῑμωρεῖσθον | τῑμωρούμεθᾰ | τῑμωρεῖσθε | τῑμωροῦνται | ||||
| subjunctive | τῑμωρῶμαι | τῑμωρῇ | τῑμωρῆται | τῑμωρῆσθον | τῑμωρῆσθον | τῑμωρώμεθᾰ | τῑμωρῆσθε | τῑμωρῶνται | |||||
| optative | τῑμωροίμην | τῑμωροῖο | τῑμωροῖτο | τῑμωροῖσθον | τῑμωροίσθην | τῑμωροίμεθᾰ | τῑμωροῖσθε | τῑμωροῖντο | |||||
| imperative | τῑμωροῦ | τῑμωρείσθω | τῑμωρεῖσθον | τῑμωρείσθων | τῑμωρεῖσθε | τῑμωρείσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | τῑμωρεῖν | τῑμωρεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | τῑμωρῶν | τῑμωρούμενος | ||||||||||
| f | τῑμωροῦσᾰ | τῑμωρουμένη | |||||||||||
| n | τῑμωροῦν | τῑμωρούμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐτῑμώρεον, ἐτῑμωρεόμην (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐτῑμώρεον | ἐτῑμώρεες | ἐτῑμώρεε(ν) | ἐτῑμωρέετον | ἐτῑμωρεέτην | ἐτῑμωρέομεν | ἐτῑμωρέετε | ἐτῑμώρεον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐτῑμωρεόμην | ἐτῑμωρέου | ἐτῑμωρέετο | ἐτῑμωρέεσθον | ἐτῑμωρεέσθην | ἐτῑμωρεόμεθᾰ | ἐτῑμωρέεσθε | ἐτῑμωρέοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐτῑμώρουν, ἐτῑμωρούμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐτῑμώρουν | ἐτῑμώρεις | ἐτῑμώρει | ἐτῑμωρεῖτον | ἐτῑμωρείτην | ἐτῑμωροῦμεν | ἐτῑμωρεῖτε | ἐτῑμώρουν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐτῑμωρούμην | ἐτῑμωροῦ | ἐτῑμωρεῖτο | ἐτῑμωρεῖσθον | ἐτῑμωρείσθην | ἐτῑμωρούμεθᾰ | ἐτῑμωρεῖσθε | ἐτῑμωροῦντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: τῑμωρήσω, τῑμωρήσομαι, τῑμωρηθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | τῑμωρήσω | τῑμωρήσεις | τῑμωρήσει | τῑμωρήσετον | τῑμωρήσετον | τῑμωρήσομεν | τῑμωρήσετε | τῑμωρήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | τῑμωρήσοιμῐ | τῑμωρήσοις | τῑμωρήσοι | τῑμωρήσοιτον | τῑμωρησοίτην | τῑμωρήσοιμεν | τῑμωρήσοιτε | τῑμωρήσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | τῑμωρήσομαι | τῑμωρήσῃ, τῑμωρήσει |
τῑμωρήσεται | τῑμωρήσεσθον | τῑμωρήσεσθον | τῑμωρησόμεθᾰ | τῑμωρήσεσθε | τῑμωρήσονται | ||||
| optative | τῑμωρησοίμην | τῑμωρήσοιο | τῑμωρήσοιτο | τῑμωρήσοισθον | τῑμωρησοίσθην | τῑμωρησοίμεθᾰ | τῑμωρήσοισθε | τῑμωρήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | τῑμωρηθήσομαι | τῑμωρηθήσῃ | τῑμωρηθήσεται | τῑμωρηθήσεσθον | τῑμωρηθήσεσθον | τῑμωρηθησόμεθᾰ | τῑμωρηθήσεσθε | τῑμωρηθήσονται | ||||
| optative | τῑμωρηθησοίμην | τῑμωρηθήσοιο | τῑμωρηθήσοιτο | τῑμωρηθήσοισθον | τῑμωρηθησοίσθην | τῑμωρηθησοίμεθᾰ | τῑμωρηθήσοισθε | τῑμωρηθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | τῑμωρήσειν | τῑμωρήσεσθαι | τῑμωρηθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | τῑμωρήσων | τῑμωρησόμενος | τῑμωρηθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | τῑμωρήσουσᾰ | τῑμωρησομένη | τῑμωρηθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | τῑμωρῆσον | τῑμωρησόμενον | τῑμωρηθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐτῑμώρησᾰ, ἐτῑμωρησᾰ́μην, ἐτῑμωρήθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐτῑμώρησᾰ | ἐτῑμώρησᾰς | ἐτῑμώρησε(ν) | ἐτῑμωρήσᾰτον | ἐτῑμωρησᾰ́την | ἐτῑμωρήσᾰμεν | ἐτῑμωρήσᾰτε | ἐτῑμώρησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | τῑμωρήσω | τῑμωρήσῃς | τῑμωρήσῃ | τῑμωρήσητον | τῑμωρήσητον | τῑμωρήσωμεν | τῑμωρήσητε | τῑμωρήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τῑμωρήσαιμῐ | τῑμωρήσειᾰς, τῑμωρήσαις |
τῑμωρήσειε(ν), τῑμωρήσαι |
τῑμωρήσαιτον | τῑμωρησαίτην | τῑμωρήσαιμεν | τῑμωρήσαιτε | τῑμωρήσειᾰν, τῑμωρήσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | τῑμώρησον | τῑμωρησᾰ́τω | τῑμωρήσᾰτον | τῑμωρησᾰ́των | τῑμωρήσᾰτε | τῑμωρησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐτῑμωρησᾰ́μην | ἐτῑμωρήσω | ἐτῑμωρήσᾰτο | ἐτῑμωρήσᾰσθον | ἐτῑμωρησᾰ́σθην | ἐτῑμωρησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐτῑμωρήσᾰσθε | ἐτῑμωρήσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | τῑμωρήσωμαι | τῑμωρήσῃ | τῑμωρήσηται | τῑμωρήσησθον | τῑμωρήσησθον | τῑμωρησώμεθᾰ | τῑμωρήσησθε | τῑμωρήσωνται | |||||
| optative | τῑμωρησαίμην | τῑμωρήσαιο | τῑμωρήσαιτο | τῑμωρήσαισθον | τῑμωρησαίσθην | τῑμωρησαίμεθᾰ | τῑμωρήσαισθε | τῑμωρήσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | τῑμώρησαι | τῑμωρησᾰ́σθω | τῑμωρήσᾰσθον | τῑμωρησᾰ́σθων | τῑμωρήσᾰσθε | τῑμωρησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐτῑμωρήθην | ἐτῑμωρήθης | ἐτῑμωρήθη | ἐτῑμωρήθητον | ἐτῑμωρηθήτην | ἐτῑμωρήθημεν | ἐτῑμωρήθητε | ἐτῑμωρήθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | τῑμωρηθῶ | τῑμωρηθῇς | τῑμωρηθῇ | τῑμωρηθῆτον | τῑμωρηθῆτον | τῑμωρηθῶμεν | τῑμωρηθῆτε | τῑμωρηθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τῑμωρηθείην | τῑμωρηθείης | τῑμωρηθείη | τῑμωρηθεῖτον, τῑμωρηθείητον |
τῑμωρηθείτην, τῑμωρηθειήτην |
τῑμωρηθεῖμεν, τῑμωρηθείημεν |
τῑμωρηθεῖτε, τῑμωρηθείητε |
τῑμωρηθεῖεν, τῑμωρηθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | τῑμωρήθητῐ | τῑμωρηθήτω | τῑμωρήθητον | τῑμωρηθήτων | τῑμωρήθητε | τῑμωρηθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | τῑμωρῆσαι | τῑμωρήσᾰσθαι | τῑμωρηθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | τῑμωρήσᾱς | τῑμωρησᾰ́μενος | τῑμωρηθείς | |||||||||
| f | τῑμωρήσᾱσᾰ | τῑμωρησᾰμένη | τῑμωρηθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | τῑμωρῆσᾰν | τῑμωρησᾰ́μενον | τῑμωρηθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: τετῑμώρηκᾰ, τετῑμώρημαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | τετῑμώρηκᾰ | τετῑμώρηκᾰς | τετῑμώρηκε(ν) | τετῑμωρήκᾰτον | τετῑμωρήκᾰτον | τετῑμωρήκᾰμεν | τετῑμωρήκᾰτε | τετῑμωρήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | τετῑμωρήκω | τετῑμωρήκῃς | τετῑμωρήκῃ | τετῑμωρήκητον | τετῑμωρήκητον | τετῑμωρήκωμεν | τετῑμωρήκητε | τετῑμωρήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τετῑμωρήκοιμῐ, τετῑμωρηκοίην |
τετῑμωρήκοις, τετῑμωρηκοίης |
τετῑμωρήκοι, τετῑμωρηκοίη |
τετῑμωρήκοιτον | τετῑμωρηκοίτην | τετῑμωρήκοιμεν | τετῑμωρήκοιτε | τετῑμωρήκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | τετῑμώρηκε | τετῑμωρηκέτω | τετῑμωρήκετον | τετῑμωρηκέτων | τετῑμωρήκετε | τετῑμωρηκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | τετῑμώρημαι | τετῑμώρησαι | τετῑμώρηται | τετῑμώρησθον | τετῑμώρησθον | τετῑμωρήμεθᾰ | τετῑμώρησθε | τετῑμώρηνται | ||||
| subjunctive | τετῑμωρημένος ὦ | τετῑμωρημένος ᾖς | τετῑμωρημένος ᾖ | τετῑμωρημένω ἦτον | τετῑμωρημένω ἦτον | τετῑμωρημένοι ὦμεν | τετῑμωρημένοι ἦτε | τετῑμωρημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τετῑμωρημένος εἴην | τετῑμωρημένος εἴης | τετῑμωρημένος εἴη | τετῑμωρημένω εἴητον/εἶτον | τετῑμωρημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | τετῑμωρημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | τετῑμωρημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | τετῑμωρημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | τετῑμώρησο | τετῑμωρήσθω | τετῑμώρησθον | τετῑμωρήσθων | τετῑμώρησθε | τετῑμωρήσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | τετῑμωρηκέναι | τετῑμωρῆσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | τετῑμωρηκώς | τετῑμωρημένος | ||||||||||
| f | τετῑμωρηκυῖᾰ | τετῑμωρημένη | |||||||||||
| n | τετῑμωρηκός | τετῑμωρημένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐτετῑμωρήκειν, ἐτετῑμωρήμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐτετῑμωρήκειν, ἐτετῑμωρήκη |
ἐτετῑμωρήκεις, ἐτετῑμωρήκης |
ἐτετῑμωρήκει(ν) | ἐτετῑμωρήκετον | ἐτετῑμωρηκέτην | ἐτετῑμωρήκεμεν | ἐτετῑμωρήκετε | ἐτετῑμωρήκεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐτετῑμωρήμην | ἐτετῑμώρησο | ἐτετῑμώρητο | ἐτετῑμώρησθον | ἐτετῑμωρήσθην | ἐτετῑμωρήμεθᾰ | ἐτετῑμώρησθε | ἐτετῑμώρηντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- προτῑμωρέω (protīmōréō)
- τῑμωρία (tīmōría)
Descendants
- → Greek: τιμωρώ (timoró) (learned)
References
- “τιμωρέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “τιμωρέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- τιμωρέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G5097 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN