χράω
Ancient Greek
FWOTD – 13 September 2014
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰrá.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkʰra.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈxra.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈxra.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈxra.o/
Etymology 1
Verb
χράω • (khráō)[2]
- (with dative of person) to fall upon, attack, assail
- Palatine Anthology 5.296
- (with dative of object) to inflict upon a person
- (with infinitive) to be bent on doing, to be eager to do
Usage notes
Only used by Homer, Plato, Thucydides, Xenophon, and Philo.
Inflection
Aorist: ἔχρησᾰ, ἐχρησᾰ́μην, ἐχρήσθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔχρησᾰ | ἔχρησᾰς | ἔχρησε(ν) | ἐχρήσᾰτον | ἐχρησᾰ́την | ἐχρήσᾰμεν | ἐχρήσᾰτε | ἔχρησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | χρήσω | χρήσῃς | χρήσῃ | χρήσητον | χρήσητον | χρήσωμεν | χρήσητε | χρήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | χρήσαιμῐ | χρήσειᾰς / χρήσαις | χρήσειε(ν) / χρήσαι | χρήσαιτον | χρησαίτην | χρήσαιμεν | χρήσαιτε | χρήσειᾰν / χρήσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | χρῆσον | χρησᾰ́τω | χρήσᾰτον | χρησᾰ́των | χρήσᾰτε | χρησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐχρησᾰ́μην | ἐχρήσω | ἐχρήσᾰτο | ἐχρήσᾰσθον | ἐχρησᾰ́σθην | ἐχρησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐχρήσᾰσθε | ἐχρήσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | χρήσωμαι | χρήσῃ | χρήσηται | χρήσησθον | χρήσησθον | χρησώμεθᾰ | χρήσησθε | χρήσωνται | |||||
| optative | χρησαίμην | χρήσαιο | χρήσαιτο | χρήσαισθον | χρησαίσθην | χρησαίμεθᾰ | χρήσαισθε | χρήσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | χρῆσαι | χρησᾰ́σθω | χρήσᾰσθον | χρησᾰ́σθων | χρήσᾰσθε | χρησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐχρήσθην | ἐχρήσθης | ἐχρήσθη | ἐχρήσθητον | ἐχρησθήτην | ἐχρήσθημεν | ἐχρήσθητε | ἐχρήσθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | χρησθῶ | χρησθῇς | χρησθῇ | χρησθῆτον | χρησθῆτον | χρησθῶμεν | χρησθῆτε | χρησθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | χρησθείην | χρησθείης | χρησθείη | χρησθεῖτον / χρησθείητον | χρησθείτην / χρησθειήτην | χρησθεῖμεν / χρησθείημεν | χρησθεῖτε / χρησθείητε | χρησθεῖεν / χρησθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | χρήσθητῐ | χρησθήτω | χρήσθητον | χρησθήτων | χρήσθητε | χρησθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | χρῆσαι | χρήσᾰσθαι | χρησθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | χρήσᾱς | χρησᾰ́μενος | χρησθείς | |||||||||
| f | χρήσᾱσᾰ | χρησᾰμένη | χρησθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | χρῆσᾰν | χρησᾰ́μενον | χρησθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χραεῑν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1645
- ^ “χράω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Etymology 2
See χράομαι (khráomai, “to desire, use”).
Verb
χράω • (khráō)
- (active voice, of the gods and their oracles) to furnish the needful answer, to declare, pronounce, proclaim
- 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 396
- 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 807
- (passive voice) to be declared, proclaimed, delivered
- (middle voice, of the person to whom the response is given) to consult a god or oracle, to inquire of a god or oracle, consult them
- 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 252
- 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 292
- Marcellin., Vit.Thuc. 6
- 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 132
- (of applicants seeking something of the great king)
- (in perfect passive) to receive an oracular response
- to furnish with a thing
- Palatine Anthology 584.10
- (deponent) to use
- to bring into action some feeling, faculty, passion, state of mind; to exercise, indulge
- (of external things) to experience, be subject to
- (paraphrases the verb cognate to its dative)
- (with duplicate dative) to use as such and such
- to use for an end or purpose
- (of external things) to experience, be subject to
- (of persons, with an adverb of manner) to treat them in such a manner
-
- to be intimate with, to deal with, make use of, employ
- to be intimate with, to deal with, make use of, employ
- (especially of sexual intercourse)
- to make use of oneself or one's powers
- (absolute or with an adverb) to be wont to do
- (with accusative of object)
- (perfect with a present sense) to be in need or want of, to yearn after
- (perfect as a strengthened present) to have in use, to have, possess
- (aorist passive)
Inflection
Present: χρῶ, χρῶμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | χρῶ | χρῇς | χρῇ | χρῆτον | χρῆτον | χρῶμεν | χρῆτε | χρῶσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | χρῶ | χρῇς | χρῇ | χρῆτον | χρῆτον | χρῶμεν | χρῆτε | χρῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | χρῴην / χρῷμῐ | χρῴης / χρῷς | χρῴη / χρῷ | χρῷτον / χρῴητον | χρῴτην / χρῳήτην | χρῷμεν / χρῴημεν | χρῷτε / χρῴητε | χρῷεν / χρῴησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | χρῆ | χρήτω | χρῆτον | χρήτων | χρῆτε | χρώντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | χρῶμαι | χρῇ | χρῆται | χρῆσθον | χρῆσθον | χρώμεθᾰ | χρῆσθε | χρῶνται | ||||
| subjunctive | χρῶμαι | χρῇ | χρῆται | χρῆσθον | χρῆσθον | χρώμεθᾰ | χρῆσθε | χρῶνται | |||||
| optative | χρῴμην | χρῷο | χρῷτο | χρῷσθον | χρῴσθην | χρῴμεθᾰ | χρῷσθε | χρῷντο | |||||
| imperative | χρῶ | χρήσθω | χρῆσθον | χρήσθων | χρῆσθε | χρήσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | χρῆν | χρῆσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | χρῶν | χρώμενος | ||||||||||
| f | χρῶσᾰ | χρωμένη | |||||||||||
| n | χρῶν | χρώμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔχρων, ἐχρώμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔχρων | ἔχρης | ἔχρη | ἐχρῆτον | ἐχρήτην | ἐχρῶμεν | ἐχρῆτε | ἔχρων | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐχρώμην | ἐχρῶ | ἐχρῆτο | ἐχρῆσθον | ἐχρήσθην | ἐχρώμεθᾰ | ἐχρῆσθε | ἐχρῶντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: χρήσω, χρήσομαι, χρησθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | χρήσω | χρήσεις | χρήσει | χρήσετον | χρήσετον | χρήσομεν | χρήσετε | χρήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | χρήσοιμῐ | χρήσοις | χρήσοι | χρήσοιτον | χρησοίτην | χρήσοιμεν | χρήσοιτε | χρήσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | χρήσομαι | χρήσῃ / χρήσει | χρήσεται | χρήσεσθον | χρήσεσθον | χρησόμεθᾰ | χρήσεσθε | χρήσονται | ||||
| optative | χρησοίμην | χρήσοιο | χρήσοιτο | χρήσοισθον | χρησοίσθην | χρησοίμεθᾰ | χρήσοισθε | χρήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | χρησθήσομαι | χρησθήσῃ | χρησθήσεται | χρησθήσεσθον | χρησθήσεσθον | χρησθησόμεθᾰ | χρησθήσεσθε | χρησθήσονται | ||||
| optative | χρησθησοίμην | χρησθήσοιο | χρησθήσοιτο | χρησθήσοισθον | χρησθησοίσθην | χρησθησοίμεθᾰ | χρησθήσοισθε | χρησθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | χρήσειν | χρήσεσθαι | χρησθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | χρήσων | χρησόμενος | χρησθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | χρήσουσᾰ | χρησομένη | χρησθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | χρῆσον | χρησόμενον | χρησθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔχρησᾰ, ἐχρησᾰ́μην, ἐχρήσθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔχρησᾰ | ἔχρησᾰς | ἔχρησε(ν) | ἐχρήσᾰτον | ἐχρησᾰ́την | ἐχρήσᾰμεν | ἐχρήσᾰτε | ἔχρησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | χρήσω | χρήσῃς | χρήσῃ | χρήσητον | χρήσητον | χρήσωμεν | χρήσητε | χρήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | χρήσαιμῐ | χρήσειᾰς / χρήσαις | χρήσειε(ν) / χρήσαι | χρήσαιτον | χρησαίτην | χρήσαιμεν | χρήσαιτε | χρήσειᾰν / χρήσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | χρῆσον | χρησᾰ́τω | χρήσᾰτον | χρησᾰ́των | χρήσᾰτε | χρησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐχρησᾰ́μην | ἐχρήσω | ἐχρήσᾰτο | ἐχρήσᾰσθον | ἐχρησᾰ́σθην | ἐχρησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐχρήσᾰσθε | ἐχρήσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | χρήσωμαι | χρήσῃ | χρήσηται | χρήσησθον | χρήσησθον | χρησώμεθᾰ | χρήσησθε | χρήσωνται | |||||
| optative | χρησαίμην | χρήσαιο | χρήσαιτο | χρήσαισθον | χρησαίσθην | χρησαίμεθᾰ | χρήσαισθε | χρήσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | χρῆσαι | χρησᾰ́σθω | χρήσᾰσθον | χρησᾰ́σθων | χρήσᾰσθε | χρησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐχρήσθην | ἐχρήσθης | ἐχρήσθη | ἐχρήσθητον | ἐχρησθήτην | ἐχρήσθημεν | ἐχρήσθητε | ἐχρήσθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | χρησθῶ | χρησθῇς | χρησθῇ | χρησθῆτον | χρησθῆτον | χρησθῶμεν | χρησθῆτε | χρησθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | χρησθείην | χρησθείης | χρησθείη | χρησθεῖτον / χρησθείητον | χρησθείτην / χρησθειήτην | χρησθεῖμεν / χρησθείημεν | χρησθεῖτε / χρησθείητε | χρησθεῖεν / χρησθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | χρήσθητῐ | χρησθήτω | χρήσθητον | χρησθήτων | χρήσθητε | χρησθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | χρῆσαι | χρήσᾰσθαι | χρησθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | χρήσᾱς | χρησᾰ́μενος | χρησθείς | |||||||||
| f | χρήσᾱσᾰ | χρησᾰμένη | χρησθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | χρῆσᾰν | χρησᾰ́μενον | χρησθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- “χράω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χράω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “χράω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- χράω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- χράω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “χράω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5531 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible