ϩⲱⲧⲃ

Coptic

Alternative forms

ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ (xōteb) — Bohairic
ϩⲱⲧⲉⲃ (hōteb) — Fayyumic
ϩⲟⲧⲉⲃ (hoteb) — Fayyumic
ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ (hōtbe) — Lycopolitan
ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ (xōtbe) — Akhmimic

Etymology

Inherited from Demotic ẖtb (“to kill”), from Egyptian ẖdb (“to kill”).

Verb

ϩⲱⲧⲃ • (hōtb) (nominal state ϩⲉⲧⲃ-, pronominal state ϩⲟⲧⲃ⸗, stative ϩⲟⲧⲃ+, conjunct participle ϩⲁⲧⲃ-)

(Sahidic, transitive, intransitive) to kill

Conjugation

Conjugation of ϩⲱⲧⲃ (Sahidic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ϩⲱⲧⲃ hōtb	imperative	affirmative	ϩⲱⲧⲃ hōtb
infinitive	negative	ⲧⲙ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ tm̄hōtb	imperative	negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄hōtb

		singular					plural			nominal
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		1st person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
durative sentence
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
present	basic	ϯϩⲱⲧⲃ tihōtb	ⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ khōtb	ⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ tehōtb	ϥϩⲱⲧⲃ fhōtb	ⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ shōtb	ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ tn̄hōtb	ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ tetn̄hōtb	ⲥⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ sehōtb	ϩⲱⲧⲃ hōtb
	circumstantial, focalising	ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ eïhōtb	ⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ ekhōtb	ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ erehōtb	ⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ efhōtb	ⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ eshōtb	ⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ enhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etetn̄hōtb	ⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ euhōtb	ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ ere- hōtb
	relative	ⲉϯϩⲱⲧⲃ etihōtb	ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etk̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ etehōtb, eterehōtb	ⲉⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etf̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ ets̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etn̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etetn̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ etouhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ etere- hōtb
	preterite	ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ neïhōtb	ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ nekhōtb	ⲛⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ nerehōtb	ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ nefhōtb	ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ neshōtb	ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ nenhōtb	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ netetn̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ neuhōtb	ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ nere- hōtb
future	basic	ϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ tinahōtb	ⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ knahōtb	ⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ tenahōtb	ϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ fnahōtb	ⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ snahōtb	ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ tn̄nahōtb	ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ tetnahōtb	ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ senahōtb	ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ nahōtb
	circumstantial, focalising	ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ eïnahōtb	ⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ eknahōtb	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ erenahōtb	ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ efnahōtb	ⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ esnahōtb	ⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ ennahōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etetnahōtb	ⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ eunahōtb	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ ere- nahōtb
	relative	ⲉϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etinahōtb	ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etk̄nahōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etenahōtb, eterenahōtb	ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etf̄nahōtb	ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ ets̄nahōtb	ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etn̄nahōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etetnahōtb	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etounahōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etere- nahōtb
	preterite	ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ neïnahōtb	ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ neknahōtb	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ nerenahōtb	ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ nefnahōtb	ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ nesnahōtb	ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ nennahōtb	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ netetnahōtb	ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ neunahōtb	ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ nere- nahōtb
negated with		(ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an
non-durative sentence
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
past	basic affirmative	ⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ aïhōtb	ⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ akhōtb	ⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲁⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ ahōtb, arhōtb, arehōtb	ⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ afhōtb	ⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ ashōtb	ⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ anhōtb	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ atetn̄hōtb	ⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ auhōtb	ⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ a- hōtb
	basic negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pihōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pk̄hōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pehōtb, m̄pr̄hōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pf̄hōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄ps̄hōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pn̄hōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄petn̄hōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pouhōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pe- hōtb
	circumstantial affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ eaïhōtb	ⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ eakhōtb	ⲉⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲁⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ eahōtb, earhōtb, earehōtb	ⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ eafhōtb	ⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ eashōtb	ⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ eanhōtb	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ eatetn̄hōtb	ⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ eauhōtb	ⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ ea- hōtb
	circumstantial negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pihōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pk̄hōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pehōtb, em̄pr̄hōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pf̄hōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄ps̄hōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pn̄hōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄petn̄hōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pouhōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pe- hōtb
	relative affirmative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ entaïhōtb, n̄taïhōtb	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ entakhōtb, n̄takhōtb	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ entahōtb, n̄tahōtb, entarhōtb, n̄tarhōtb, entarehōtb, n̄tarehōtb	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ entafhōtb, n̄tafhōtb	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ entashōtb, n̄tashōtb	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ entanhōtb, n̄tanhōtb	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ entatetn̄hōtb, n̄tatetn̄hōtb	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ entauhōtb, n̄tauhōtb	ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ enta- hōtb, n̄ta- hōtb
	relative negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pihōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pk̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pehōtb, etem̄pr̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pf̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄ps̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pn̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄petn̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pouhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pe- hōtb
	preterite affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ neaïhōtb	ⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ neakhōtb	ⲛⲉⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ neahōtb, nearhōtb, nearehōtb	ⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ neafhōtb	ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ neashōtb	ⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ neanhōtb	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ neatetn̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ neauhōtb	ⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ nea- hōtb
	preterite negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pihōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pk̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pehōtb, nem̄pr̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pf̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄ps̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pn̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄petn̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pouhōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pe- hōtb
	focalising affirmative	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄taïhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄takhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tahōtb, n̄tarhōtb, n̄tarehōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tafhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tashōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tanhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tatetn̄hōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tauhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄ta- hōtb
expectative	basic negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patihōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patk̄hōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patehōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patf̄hōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pats̄hōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patn̄hōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patetn̄hōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patouhōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pate- hōtb
	circumstantial negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patihōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patk̄hōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patehōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patf̄hōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pats̄hōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patn̄hōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patetn̄hōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patouhōtb	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pate- hōtb
	relative negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patihōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patk̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patehōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patf̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pats̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patn̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patetn̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patouhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pate- hōtb
	preterite negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patihōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patk̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patehōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patf̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pats̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patn̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patetn̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patouhōtb	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pate- hōtb
aorist	basic affirmative	ϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ šaïhōtb	ϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ šakhōtb	ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ šarehōtb	ϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ šafhōtb	ϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ šashōtb	ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ šanhōtb	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ šatetn̄hōtb	ϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ šauhōtb	ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ šare- hōtb
	basic negative	ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ meïhōtb	ⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ mekhōtb	ⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ merehōtb	ⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ mefhōtb	ⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ meshōtb	ⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ menhōtb	ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ metetn̄hōtb	ⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ meuhōtb	ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ mere- hōtb
	circumstantial affirmative	ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ ešaïhōtb	ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ ešakhōtb	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ ešarehōtb	ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ ešafhōtb	ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ ešashōtb	ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ ešanhōtb	ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ ešatetn̄hōtb	ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ ešauhōtb	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ ešare- hōtb
	circumstantial negative	ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ emeïhōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ emekhōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ emerehōtb	ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ emefhōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ emeshōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ emenhōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ emetetn̄hōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ emeuhōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ emere- hōtb
	relative affirmative	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ etešaïhōtb, ešaïhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ etešakhōtb, ešakhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ etešarehōtb, ešarehōtb	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ etešafhōtb, ešafhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ etešashōtb, ešashōtb	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ etešanhōtb, ešanhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etešatetn̄hōtb, ešatetn̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ etešauhōtb, ešauhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ etešare- hōtb, ešare- hōtb
	relative negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ etemeïhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ etemekhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ etemerehōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ etemefhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ etemeshōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ etemenhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etemetetn̄hōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ etemeuhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ etemere- hōtb
	preterite affirmative	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ nešaïhōtb	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ nešakhōtb	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ nešarehōtb	ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ nešafhōtb	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ nešashōtb	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ nešanhōtb	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nešatetn̄hōtb	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ nešauhōtb	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ nešare- hōtb
	preterite negative	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ nemeïhōtb	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ nemekhōtb	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ nemerehōtb	ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ nemefhōtb	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ nemeshōtb	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ nemenhōtb	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nemetetn̄hōtb	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ nemeuhōtb	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ nemere- hōtb
	focalising affirmative	ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ emeïhōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ emekhōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ emerehōtb	ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ emefhōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ emeshōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ emenhōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ emetetn̄hōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ emeuhōtb	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ emere- hōtb
optative	basic affirmative	ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ eïehōtb	ⲉⲕⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ ekehōtb	ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ erehōtb	ⲉϥⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ efehōtb	ⲉⲥⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ esehōtb	ⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ enehōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ etetnehōtb	ⲉⲩⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ euehōtb	ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ ere- hōtb
optative	basic affirmative	ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄nahōtb	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄nekhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄nehōtb	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄nefhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄neshōtb	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄nenhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄netn̄hōtb	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄neuhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄ne- hōtb
jussive	basic affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ marihōtb	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ marefhōtb	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ mareshōtb	ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ marn̄hōtb	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ marouhōtb	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ mare- hōtb
jussive	basic affirmative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄trahōtb	(use imperative)		ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄trefhōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄treshōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄trenhōtb	(use imperative)	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄treuhōtb	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄tre- hōtb
subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
conjunctive		ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tahōtb, tahōtb	ⲛ̄ⲅϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄ghōtb, n̄khōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tehōtb	ⲛ̄ϥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄fhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄shōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tn̄hōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tetn̄hōtb	ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄sehōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄te- hōtb
future conjunctive		ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ tarihōtb	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ tarekhōtb	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ tarehōtb	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ tarefhōtb	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ tareshōtb	ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ tarn̄hōtb	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ taretn̄hōtb	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ tarouhōtb	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ tare- hōtb
precursive		ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄terihōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄terekhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄terehōtb, n̄tererhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄terefhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tereshōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tern̄hōtb, n̄terenhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄teretn̄hōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄terouhōtb	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tere- hōtb
limitative		ϣⲁⲛϯϩⲱⲧⲃ šantihōtb	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ šantk̄hōtb	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ šantehōtb	ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ šantf̄hōtb	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ šants̄hōtb	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ šantn̄hōtb	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ šantetn̄hōtb	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ šantouhōtb	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ šante- hōtb
conditional	long	ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ eïšanhōtb	ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ ekšanhōtb	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ eršanhōtb, erešanhōtb	ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ efšanhōtb	ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ esšanhōtb	ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ enšanhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ etetn̄šanhōtb	ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ eušanhōtb	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ eršan- hōtb
conditional	short	ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ eïhōtb	ⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ ekhōtb	ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ erehōtb	ⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ efhōtb	ⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ eshōtb	ⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ enhōtb	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etetn̄hōtb	ⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ euhōtb	ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ ere- hōtb
negated with		ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄-

Noun

ϩⲱⲧⲃ • (hōtb) m

(Sahidic) murder

Derived terms

ϩⲁⲧⲃⲉⲥ (hatbes), ϩⲟⲧⲃⲉⲥ (hotbes, “slaughter”)
ⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ (refhōtb, “slayer, murderer”)

References

Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN