лук
Belarusian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic лукъ (lukŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lǫ̑kъ. Cognate with Russian and Ukrainian лук (luk).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɫuk]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -uk
- Hyphenation: лук
Noun
лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́кі, genitive plural лу́каў, relational adjective лу́чны)
- bow (weapon used for shooting arrows)
- 1941 [1865], Mayne Reid, translated by Уладзімір Ляўданскі, Коннік без галавы, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of The Headless Horseman, page 101:
- З таго часу як яна пераехала ў Техас, у яе не было яшчэ выпадку вярнуцца да гэтага занятку. Яе прыгожы лук з апельсінавага дрэва і стрэлы з пер'ямі ў хвасце ляжалі без справы ў шафе.
- Z tahó času jak jana pjerajexala ŭ Tjexas, u jaje nje byló jašče vypadku vjarnucca da hetaha zanjatku. Jaje pryhóžy luk z apjelʹsinavaha dreva i strely z pjerʺjami ŭ xvascje ljažali bjez spravy ŭ šafje.
- [original: Since her arrival at Casa del Corvo she had found no occasion to use the weapon of Diana; and her beautiful bow of Osage-orange wood, and quiver of plumed arrows, had lain neglected in the lumber-room.]
- Since her move to Texas, she had found no occasion to get back to this hobby. Her beautiful bow of orange tree wood and plumed arrows had lain neglected in a closet.
Declension
Declension of лук (inan velar masc-form accent-a)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | лук luk |
лу́кі lúki |
| genitive | лу́ка lúka |
лу́каў lúkaŭ |
| dative | лу́ку lúku |
лу́кам lúkam |
| accusative | лук luk |
лу́кі lúki |
| instrumental | лу́кам lúkam |
лу́камі lúkami |
| locative | лу́ку lúku |
лу́ках lúkax |
| count form | — | лу́кі1 lúki1 |
1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
References
- “лук”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
- “лук” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lukъ, from Proto-Germanic *laukaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɫuk]
Audio: (file)
Noun
лук • (luk) m (relational adjective лу́чен or лу́ков, diminutive лу́кче or лу́чец)
- (collective, uncountable) onion (monocotyledonous flowering plant of genus Allium)
- глава́ лук ― glavá luk ― a bulb of onion
- пре́сен лук ― présen luk ― spring, fresh onion
- сгазвам лука (idiom)
- sgazvam luka
- to get in trouble
- (literally, “to trample over the onions”)
Declension
| singular | |
|---|---|
| indefinite | лук luk |
| definite (subject form) |
лу́кът lúkǎt |
| definite (object form) |
лу́ка lúka |
Hyponyms
- обикнове́н лук (obiknovén luk), кроми́д лук (kromíd luk), черве́н лук (červén luk, “common onion, Allium cepa”)
- див лук (div luk), мечи лук (meči luk, “ramson, Allium ursinum”)
- чесно́в лук (česnóv luk), бял лук (bjal luk, “garlic, Allium sativum”)
- праз лук (praz luk), зе́лен лук (zélen luk, “leek, Allium porum”)
- твърд лук (tvǎrd luk, “bunching onion, Allium fistulosum”)
- вла́шки лук (vláški luk), га́рвански лук (gárvanski luk, “chives, Allium schoenoprasum”)
- лива́дски лук (livádski luk), ко́нски лук (kónski luk, “star-of-Bethlehem, Ornithogalum”)
Derived terms
- лука́р m (lukár), лука́рка f (lukárka, “onion farmer/seller”)
- лука́ш (lukáš, “onion plantation”) (dialectal)
- лу́ковица (lúkovica, “bulb”) (botany)
- лу́ковина (lúkovina), лу́чина (lúčina, “onion chaff”) (dialectal)
- лучня́к (lučnják, “onion planter”) (instrumental noun)
References
- “лук”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “лук”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “лукъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 30
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лук¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 496
Komi-Zyrian
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian лук (luk).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈluk/, [ˈɫuk]
- Hyphenation: лук
Noun
лук • (luk)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | лук (luk) | лукъяс (lukjas) | |
| accusative | I 1 | лук (luk) | лукъяс (lukjas) |
| II 1 | лукйӧс (lukjös) | лукъясӧс (lukjasös) | |
| instrumental | лукйӧн (lukjön) | лукъясӧн (lukjasön) | |
| comitative | луккӧд (lukköd) | лукъяскӧд (lukjasköd) | |
| caritive | луктӧг (luktög) | лукъястӧг (lukjastög) | |
| consecutive | лукла (lukla) | лукъясла (lukjasla) | |
| genitive | луклӧн (luklön) | лукъяслӧн (lukjaslön) | |
| ablative | луклысь (luklyś) | лукъяслысь (lukjaslyś) | |
| dative | луклы (lukly) | лукъяслы (lukjasly) | |
| inessive | лукйын (lukjyn) | лукъясын (lukjasyn) | |
| elative | лукйысь (lukjyś) | лукъясысь (lukjasyś) | |
| illative | лукйӧ (lukjö) | лукъясӧ (lukjasö) | |
| egressive | луксянь (lukśań) | лукъяссянь (lukjasśań) | |
| approximative | луклань (luklań) | лукъяслань (lukjaslań) | |
| terminative | лукйӧдз (lukjödź) | лукъясӧдз (lukjasödź) | |
| prolative | I | лукйӧд (lukjöd) | лукъясӧд (lukjasöd) |
| II | лукті (lukti) | лукъясті (lukjasti) | |
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
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| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | лук (luk) | лукъяс (lukjas) | |
| accusative | I 1 | лук (luk) | лукъяс (lukjas) |
| II 1 | лукӧс (lukös) | лукъясӧс (lukjasös) | |
| instrumental | лукӧн (lukön) | лукъясӧн (lukjasön) | |
| comitative | луккӧд (lukköd) | лукъяскӧд (lukjasköd) | |
| caritive | луктӧг (luktög) | лукъястӧг (lukjastög) | |
| consecutive | лукла (lukla) | лукъясла (lukjasla) | |
| genitive | луклӧн (luklön) | лукъяслӧн (lukjaslön) | |
| ablative | луклысь (luklyś) | лукъяслысь (lukjaslyś) | |
| dative | луклы (lukly) | лукъяслы (lukjasly) | |
| inessive | лукын (lukyn) | лукъясын (lukjasyn) | |
| elative | лукысь (lukyś) | лукъясысь (lukjasyś) | |
| illative | лукӧ (lukö) | лукъясӧ (lukjasö) | |
| egressive | луксянь (lukśań) | лукъяссянь (lukjasśań) | |
| approximative | луклань (luklań) | лукъяслань (lukjaslań) | |
| terminative | лукӧдз (luködź) | лукъясӧдз (lukjasödź) | |
| prolative | I | лукӧд (luköd) | лукъясӧд (lukjasöd) |
| II | лукті (lukti) | лукъясті (lukjasti) | |
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
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References
- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 31
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 361
Macedonian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lukъ, from Proto-Germanic *laukaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɫuk]
Audio: (file)
Noun
лук • (luk) m (diminutive лукче)
- garlic
- чешне лук ― češne luk ― a clove of garlic
Declension
| singular | |
|---|---|
| indefinite | лук (luk) |
| definite unspecified | лукот (lukot) |
| definite proximal | луков (lukov) |
| definite distal | лукон (lukon) |
| vocative | луку (luku) |
Further reading
- “лук” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
- “лук” in Официјален дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Oficijalen digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) − makedonski.gov.mk (in Macedonian)
- лук in Makedonisch Info (germansko-makedonski rečnik, makedonsko-germanski rečnik)
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɫuk]
Audio: (file) - Homophone: луг (lug)
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lukъ, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *laukaz (compare German Lauch, English leek, Old Norse laukr whence Danish løg and Swedish lök). Cognates include Polabian lauk, Bulgarian лук (luk) and Slovene and Serbo-Croatian luk.
Alternative forms
- лукъ (luk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Noun
лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́ки, genitive plural лу́ков, relational adjective лу́ковый)
- (usually uncountable, collectively) onion, onions
- зелёный лук ― zeljónyj luk ― scallion
- лук-поре́й ― luk-poréj ― leek
Declension
Derived terms
- го́ре лу́ковое (góre lúkovoje)
- лук голубо́й (luk golubój)
- лук окру́глый (luk okrúglyj)
- лук-бату́н (luk-batún)
- лук-поре́й (luk-poréj)
- лук-ре́занец (luk-rézanec)
- лук-тата́рка (luk-tatárka)
- лук-чесно́к (luk-česnók)
- лу́ковица (lúkovica)
Descendants
- → Karelian: luukko
- → Komi-Zyrian: лук (luk)
- → Skolt Sami: luukk
- → Southern Sami: lööke
- → Yakut: луук (luuk)
Etymology 2
from Old East Slavic лукъ (lukŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lǫkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás, from Proto-Indo-European *lenk- (“to bend”). Cognate with Lithuanian lankas.
Alternative forms
- лукъ (luk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Noun
лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́ки, genitive plural лу́ков)
- bow (weapon used for shooting arrows)
Declension
Related terms
- лу́чник (lúčnik)
See also
Etymology 3
Noun
лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́ки, genitive plural лу́ков)
- (colloquial) appearance, clothing style, look
Declension
Etymology 4
Alternative forms
- лукъ (luk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Noun
лук • (luk) f inan pl
- genitive plural of лука́ (luká)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lukъ, from Proto-Germanic *laukaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lûk/
Noun
лу̏к m inan (Latin spelling lȕk)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | лук | лукови |
| genitive | лука | лукова |
| dative | луку | луковима |
| accusative | лук | лукове |
| vocative | луче | лукови |
| locative | луку | луковима |
| instrumental | луком | луковима |
Further reading
- “лук”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lǫkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás, from Proto-Indo-European *lenk- (“to bend”). Cognate with Lithuanian lankas.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lûːk/
Noun
лу̑к m inan (Latin spelling lȗk)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | лу̑к | лу́кови |
| genitive | лука | лу́ко̄ва̄ |
| dative | луку | луковима |
| accusative | лук | лукове |
| vocative | луче | лукови |
| locative | луку | луковима |
| instrumental | луком | луковима |
Further reading
- “лук”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Ukrainian
Etymology
From Middle Ukrainian лукъ (luk), from Old East Slavic лукъ (lukŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lǫkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás, from Proto-Indo-European *lenk- (“to bend”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɫuk]
Audio: (file)
Noun
лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́ки, genitive plural лу́ків)
- bow (weapon used for shooting arrows)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | лук luk |
лу́ки lúky |
| genitive | лу́ка lúka |
лу́ків lúkiv |
| dative | лу́кові, лу́ку lúkovi, lúku |
лу́кам lúkam |
| accusative | лук luk |
лу́ки lúky |
| instrumental | лу́ком lúkom |
лу́ками lúkamy |
| locative | лу́ку lúku |
лу́ках lúkax |
| vocative | лу́ку lúku |
лу́ки lúky |
References
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лук”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “лук”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)