орёл

See also: орел and Орёл

Russian

FWOTD – 28 August 2015

Etymology

From Old East Slavic орьлъ (orĭlŭ), from Proto-Slavic *orьlъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *arélis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɐˈrʲɵɫ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɵl

Noun

орёл • (orjólm anim (genitive орла́, nominative plural орлы́, genitive plural орло́в, feminine орли́ца, relational adjective орли́ный, diminutive о́рлик or орлу́ша)

  1. eagle
    Synonym: царь птиц (carʹ ptic)
    Hypernym: пти́ца (ptíca)
    Hyponyms: бе́ркут (bérkut), моги́льник (mogílʹnik)
  2. (colloquial) heads (the side of a coin bearing a coat of arms, e.g. Russia's double-headed eagle)
    Synonym: (numismatics) аве́рс (avérs, obverse)
    Antonyms: ре́шка (réška); (numismatics) ре́верс (révers, reverse)
    Holonym: моне́та (monéta)
    орёл и́ли ре́шка?orjól íli réška?heads or tails?
  3. (figuratively) a brave man
    Synonyms: смельча́к (smelʹčák), храбре́ц (xrabréc)

Usage notes

  • The range of species referred to as орёл (orjól) is smaller than the range of species referred to as eagles in English. For example, the bald eagle and other members of Haliaeetus genus are referred to as орла́н (orlán), not орёл (orjól).
  • The terms орёл (orjól) and ре́шка (réška) are applicable only to coins which, like Russia's coinage, have a coat of arms on one side and something else (e.g. the portrait of the head of state or the value of the coin) on the other. The terms аве́рс (avérs) and ре́верс (révers) are more universally applicable, but used mainly in numismatics.

Declension

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Phrases
  • по́за орла́ f (póza orlá) (в по́зе орла́ (v póze orlá))
  • смотре́ть орло́м impf (smotrétʹ orlóm)
Borrowed
  • Арно́льд m anim (Arnólʹd)
  • -о́рнис m (-órnis)
    • ауо́рнис m (auórnis)
    • гесперо́рнис m (gesperórnis)
    • дромо́рнис m (dromórnis)
    • конфуциусо́рнис m (konfuciusórnis)
    • энантио́рнис m (enantiórnis)
    • эпио́рнис m (epiórnis)
  • орнито- (ornito-)

References

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “орёл”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “орёл”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 604

Further reading