ты
Adyghe
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tə]
Noun
ты • (tə)
Declension
| case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | — | — |
| nominative | тыр (tər) | тыхэр (təxɛr) |
| ergative | тым (təm) | тыхэмэ (təxɛmɛ) |
| instrumental | ты(м)кӏэ (tə(m)kʼɛ) | тыхэ(м)кӏэ (təxɛ(m)kʼɛ) |
| invertive | тыу (təwu) | тыхыу (təxəwu) |
Synonyms
- адэ (adɛ) (Kabardian dialect)
Belarusian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tɨ]
Audio: (file)
Pronoun
ты • (ty)
Declension
| singular | plural | reflexive | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
| m | n | f | |||||||||
| nominative | я (ja) | ты (ty) | ён (jon) | яно́ (janó) | яна́ (janá) | мы (my) | вы (vy) | яны́ (janý) | — | ||
| genitive | мяне́ (mjanjé) | цябе́ (cjabjé) | яго́ (jahó) | яе́ (jajé) | нас (nas) | вас (vas) | іх (ix) | сябе́ (sjabjé) | |||
| dative | мне (mnje) | табе́ (tabjé) | яму́ (jamú) | ёй (joj) | нам (nam) | вам (vam) | ім (im) | сабе́ (sabjé) | |||
| accusative | мяне́ (mjanjé) | цябе́ (cjabjé) | яго́ (jahó) | яе́ (jajé) | нас (nas) | вас (vas) | іх (ix) | сябе́ (sjabjé) | |||
| instrumental | мной, мно́ю (mnoj, mnóju) | табо́й, табо́ю (tabój, tabóju) | ім (im) | ёй, ёю (joj, jóju) | на́мі (námi) | ва́мі (vámi) | і́мі (ími) | сабо́й, сабо́ю (sabój, sabóju) | |||
| locative | мне (mnje) | табе́ (tabjé) | ім (im) | ёй (joj) | нас (nas) | вас (vas) | іх (ix) | сабе́ (sabjé) | |||
Carpathian Rusyn
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun
ты • (tŷ)
- you (singular)
Eastern Mari
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tə/
- Rhymes: -ə
- Hyphenation: ты
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
ты • (ty)
- synonym of седе (sede)
- ты вер
- ty ver
- what's this?
Synonyms
- тиде (tide)
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Particle
ты • (ty)
- emphatic particle
- ты вурседылеш вет
- ty vursedyĺeš vet
- (s)he is really arguing
References
- J. Bradley et al. (2023) “ты”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
Komi-Zyrian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtɯ/, [ˈtɯ̈]
- Hyphenation: ты
Etymology 1
From Proto-Permic *tu̇, from Proto-Uralic *towe. Cognates include Hungarian tó and Tundra Nenets то (to).
Noun
ты • (ty)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) | |
| accusative | I 1 | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) |
| II 1 | тыӧс (työs) | тыясӧс (tyjasös) | |
| instrumental | тыӧн (työn) | тыясӧн (tyjasön) | |
| comitative | тыкӧд (tyköd) | тыяскӧд (tyjasköd) | |
| caritive | тытӧг (tytög) | тыястӧг (tyjastög) | |
| consecutive | тыла (tyla) | тыясла (tyjasla) | |
| genitive | тылӧн (tylön) | тыяслӧн (tyjaslön) | |
| ablative | тылысь (tylyś) | тыяслысь (tyjaslyś) | |
| dative | тылы (tyly) | тыяслы (tyjasly) | |
| inessive | тыын (tyyn) | тыясын (tyjasyn) | |
| elative | тыысь (tyyś) | тыясысь (tyjasyś) | |
| illative | тыӧ (työ) | тыясӧ (tyjasö) | |
| egressive | тысянь (tyśań) | тыяссянь (tyjasśań) | |
| approximative | тылань (tylań) | тыяслань (tyjaslań) | |
| terminative | тыӧдз (työdź) | тыясӧдз (tyjasödź) | |
| prolative | I | тыӧд (työd) | тыясӧд (tyjasöd) |
| II | тыті (tyti) | тыясті (tyjasti) | |
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
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Etymology 2
From Proto-Permic *tu̇, from Proto-Uralic *täwe. Cognates include Finnish tävy and Hungarian tüdő.
Noun
ты • (ty)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) | |
| accusative | I 1 | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) |
| II 1 | тыӧс (työs) | тыясӧс (tyjasös) | |
| instrumental | тыӧн (työn) | тыясӧн (tyjasön) | |
| comitative | тыкӧд (tyköd) | тыяскӧд (tyjasköd) | |
| caritive | тытӧг (tytög) | тыястӧг (tyjastög) | |
| consecutive | тыла (tyla) | тыясла (tyjasla) | |
| genitive | тылӧн (tylön) | тыяслӧн (tyjaslön) | |
| ablative | тылысь (tylyś) | тыяслысь (tyjaslyś) | |
| dative | тылы (tyly) | тыяслы (tyjasly) | |
| inessive | тыын (tyyn) | тыясын (tyjasyn) | |
| elative | тыысь (tyyś) | тыясысь (tyjasyś) | |
| illative | тыӧ (työ) | тыясӧ (tyjasö) | |
| egressive | тысянь (tyśań) | тыяссянь (tyjasśań) | |
| approximative | тылань (tylań) | тыяслань (tyjaslań) | |
| terminative | тыӧдз (työdź) | тыясӧдз (tyjasödź) | |
| prolative | I | тыӧд (työd) | тыясӧд (tyjasöd) |
| II | тыті (tyti) | тыясті (tyjasti) | |
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
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References
- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 7
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 667
Mariupol Greek
Etymology 1
Contraction of аты́ (atý), from Ancient Greek αὐτή (autḗ). Cognates include Greek αυτή (aftí) (contracted τη (ti)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtɨ]
- Hyphenation: ты
Pronoun
ты • (ty) (emphatic form аты́)
Declension
| Mariupol Greek personal pronouns | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||||||||
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd m | 3rd f | 3rd n | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | ||
| nominative | го (ho) |
сы (sy) |
тос (tos) |
ты (ty) |
то (to) |
мис (mis) |
сыс (sys) |
тын (tyn) | |
| oblique | мэ́на (ména) |
сэ́на (séna) |
то́на (tóna) |
ты́на (týna) |
мас (mas) |
сас (sas) |
тынц (tync) | ||
| clitic | -ми (-mi) |
-сы (-sy) |
-тун (-tun) |
-тын (-tyn) |
-ту (-tu) |
-мас (-mas) |
-сас (-sas) |
-ц (-c) | |
Etymology 2
From Ancient Greek τί (tí). Cognates include Greek τι (ti).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtɨ]
- Hyphenation: ты
Pronoun
ты? • (ty?)
- what?
References
- A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006) “ты?”, in Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN
- G. A. Animica, M. P. Galikbarova (2013) Румеку глоса[1], Donetsk, page 4
Northern Mansi
Alternative forms
тыи (tyi)
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈti]
- Hyphenation: ты
- Rhymes: -ti
Pronoun
ты (ti)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ты (ty) | тыиг (tyig) | тыит (tyit) |
| dative | тыин (tyin) | тыигын (tyigyn) | тыитын (tyityn) |
| ablative | тыиныл (tyinyl) | тыигныл (tyignyl) | тыитныл (tyitnyl) |
| instrumental | тыил (tyil) | тыигтыл (tyigtyl) | тыитыл (tyityl) |
| translative | тыиг (tyig) | ―― | ―― |
References
- Mansi Dictionary of Munkácsi and Kálmán[2]
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic тꙑ (ty), from Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тꙑ (ty).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɨ/, [t̪ˠɨ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɨ
Pronoun
ты • (ty)
- (familiar) second-person singular, nominative case: you, thou
- 1972 [1955, 1938], Лазарь Лагин [Lazar Lagin], “Беспокойный вечер”, in Старик Хоттабыч [Starik Xottabyč], page 42; English translation based on “A Troubled Evening”, in Faina Solasko, transl., The Old Genie Hottabych, 1960, page 51:
- — А ну, подойди-ка поближе, недостойная прислужница! Мне не нравится, как ты ответила на приказание моего юного друга и повелителя.
- — A nu, podojdi-ka pobliže, nedostojnaja prislužnica! Mne ne nravitsja, kak ty otvetila na prikazanije mojevo junovo druga i povelitelja.
- “Come near, unworthy servant! I don’t like how thou hast answered to the orders of my young friend and master.”
Usage notes
The personal pronoun ты is comparable to French tu, German du, and is used only with family and intimate friends. In classical literature, it is used by superiors to their inferiors, but that usage is no longer tolerated (with the exception of the way adults speak to children, while the children are expected to use вы). For most occasions, the formal вы (vy) should be used instead. For more information, see Appendix:Russian pronouns.
Declension
| singular | plural | reflexive | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
| m | n | f | |||||||||
| nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
он (on) |
оно́ (onó) |
она́ (oná) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
они́ 1 (oní) |
— | ||
| genitive | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 2, него́ 2 3 (jevó, nevó) |
её 4, неё 3 4 (jejó, nejó) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
их, них 3 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | |||
| dative | мне (mne) |
тебе́ (tebé) |
ему́, нему́ 3 (jemú, nemú) |
ей, ней 3 (jej, nej) |
нам (nam) |
вам (vam) |
им, ним 3 (im, nim) |
себе́ (sebé) | |||
| accusative | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 2, него́ 2 3 (jevó, nevó) |
её, неё 3 (jejó, nejó) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
их, них 3 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | |||
| instrumental | мной, мно́ю 5 (mnoj, mnóju) |
тобо́й, тобо́ю 5 (tobój, tobóju) |
им, ним 3 (im, nim) |
ей, ней 3, е́ю 5, не́ю 3 5 (jej, nej, jéju, néju) |
на́ми (námi) |
ва́ми (vámi) |
и́ми, ни́ми 3 (ími, ními) |
собо́й, собо́ю 5 (sobój, sobóju) | |||
| prepositional 6 | мне (mne) |
тебе́ (tebé) |
нём 3 (njom) |
ней 3 (nej) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
них 3 (nix) |
себе́ (sebé) | |||
- Archaic feminine form: оне́ (oné).
- The letter г (g) in the genitive/accusative case ending is pronounced as /v/.
- The alternative forms starting with н- (n-) are used after a preposition.
- Archaic forms: ея́ (jejá), нея́ (nejá).
- Instrumental forms ending in -ю (-ju) are either dated, poetic, or dialectal.
- The prepositional case is never used without a preposition.
| singular | plural | reflexive | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||
| m | n | f | m / n | f | ||||||||
| nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
онъ (on) |
оно́ (onó) |
она́ (oná) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
они́ (oní) |
онѣ́ (oně́) |
— | ||
| genitive | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 1, него́ 1 2 (jevó, nevó) |
ея́ 3, нея́ 2 3 (jejá, nejá) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
ихъ, нихъ 2 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | ||||
| dative | мнѣ (mně) |
тебѣ́ (tebě́) |
ему́, нему́ 2 (jemú, nemú) |
ей, ней 2 (jej, nej) |
намъ (nam) |
вамъ (vam) |
имъ, нимъ 2 (im, nim) |
себѣ́ (sebě́) | ||||
| accusative | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 1, него́ 1 2 (jevó, nevó) |
её, неё 2 (jejó, nejó) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
ихъ, нихъ 2 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | ||||
| instrumental | мной, мно́ю 4 (mnoj, mnóju) |
тобо́й, тобо́ю 4 (tobój, tobóju) |
имъ, нимъ 2 (im, nim) |
ей, ней 2, е́ю 4, не́ю 2 4 (jej, nej, jéju, néju) |
на́ми (námi) |
ва́ми (vámi) |
и́ми, ни́ми 2 (ími, ními) |
собо́й, собо́ю 4 (sobój, sobóju) | ||||
| prepositional5 | мнѣ (mně) |
тебѣ́ (tebě́) |
нёмъ 2 (njom) |
ней 2 (nej) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
нихъ 2 (nix) |
себѣ́ (sebě́) | ||||
- Letter г (g) in the genitive/accusative case ending is pronounced as /v/.
- The alternative forms starting with н- (n-) are used after a preposition.
- Archaic forms: ея́ (jejá), нея́ (nejá).
- Instrumental forms ending in -ю (-ju) are either dated, poetic, or dialectal.
- The prepositional case is never used without a preposition.
Related terms
Tundra Nenets
Etymology
From Proto-Samoyedic *tëə. Cognates with Forest Enets тэ and Tundra Enets тэа.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tɨ]
- Hyphenation: ты
Noun
ты • (ti)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ты (ti) | тыхыʼ (tixih) | тыˮ (tiq) |
| genitive | тыʼ (tih) | тыхыʼ (tixih) | тыˮ (tiq) |
| accusative | тым (tim°) | тыхыʼ (tixih) | ты (ti) |
| allative | тын (tin°) | тыхыняʼ (tixinyah) | тыхыˮ (tixiq) |
| locative | тыхына (tixina) | тыхыняна (tixinyana) | тыхыˮна (tixiqna) |
| ablative | тыхыд (tixid°) | тыхыняд (tixinyad°) | тыхыт (tixit°) |
| prolative | тывна (tiwna) | тыхынямна (tixinyamna) | тыˮмӑна (tiqmăna) |
References
- Pyrerka, A. P., Tereščenko, N. M. (1948) Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 167
- N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “ты”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
- Irina Nikolaeva (2014) A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 20
Udmurt
Etymology
From Proto-Permic *tu̇, from Proto-Uralic *towe. Cognates include Hungarian tó and Southern Selkup то̄ (tō).
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian ты (ty) and Komi-Yazva тө (tå).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtɯ̈]
- Rhymes: -ɯ̈
- Hyphenation: ты
Noun
ты • (ty)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ты ty |
тыос tyos |
| accusative | тыэз tyez |
тыосыз tyosyz |
| genitive | тылэн tylen |
тыослэн tyoslen |
| dative | тылы tyly |
тыослы tyosly |
| ablative | тылэсь tyleś |
тыослэсь tyosleś |
| instrumental | тыэн tyen |
тыосын tyosyn |
| abessive | тытэк tytek |
тыостэк tyostek |
| adverbial | тыя tyja |
тыосъя tyosja |
| inessive | тыын tyyn |
тыосын tyosyn |
| illative | тыэ tye |
тыосы tyosy |
| elative | тыысь tyyś |
тыосысь tyosyś |
| egressive | тыысьен tyyśjen |
тыосысьен tyosyśjen |
| terminative | тыозь tyoź |
тыосозь tyosoź |
| prolative | тытӥ tyti |
тыосытӥ tyosyti |
| allative | тылань tylań |
тыослань tyoslań |
|
Synonyms
- (lake): епаш (jepaš), лол (lol)
Derived terms
nouns
- тышур (tyšur)
References
- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ты”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 666
- T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 74
- Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 260