вы
Belarusian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Belarusian вы (vy), from Old East Slavic вы (vy), from Proto-Slavic *vy.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vɨ]
Audio: (file)
Pronoun
вы • (vy)
- you (plural or formal)
Declension
| singular | plural | reflexive | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
| m | n | f | |||||||||
| nominative | я (ja) | ты (ty) | ён (jon) | яно́ (janó) | яна́ (janá) | мы (my) | вы (vy) | яны́ (janý) | — | ||
| genitive | мяне́ (mjanjé) | цябе́ (cjabjé) | яго́ (jahó) | яе́ (jajé) | нас (nas) | вас (vas) | іх (ix) | сябе́ (sjabjé) | |||
| dative | мне (mnje) | табе́ (tabjé) | яму́ (jamú) | ёй (joj) | нам (nam) | вам (vam) | ім (im) | сабе́ (sabjé) | |||
| accusative | мяне́ (mjanjé) | цябе́ (cjabjé) | яго́ (jahó) | яе́ (jajé) | нас (nas) | вас (vas) | іх (ix) | сябе́ (sjabjé) | |||
| instrumental | мной, мно́ю (mnoj, mnóju) | табо́й, табо́ю (tabój, tabóju) | ім (im) | ёй, ёю (joj, jóju) | на́мі (námi) | ва́мі (vámi) | і́мі (ími) | сабо́й, сабо́ю (sabój, sabóju) | |||
| locative | мне (mnje) | табе́ (tabjé) | ім (im) | ёй (joj) | нас (nas) | вас (vas) | іх (ix) | сабе́ (sabjé) | |||
Carpathian Rusyn
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *vy, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈvɤ]
- Rhymes: -ɤ
- Syllabification: вы
Pronoun
вы • (vŷ)
- second-person singular formal, as well as second-person plural, nominative case:you
- Як ся Вы сам чуєте в ролї учітеля материньского языка? ― Jak sja Vŷ sam čujete v rolji učitelja materynʹskoho jazŷka? ― How do you feel in the role of a teacher of your native language?
Further reading
- Kercha, Ihor (2012) Словник русько-русинськый: у 2 т. [Russian-Rusyn Dictionary: in 2 vols] (overall work in Russian and Carpathian Rusyn), Uzhhorod: PoliPrint
Kabardian
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [və]
Audio: (file)
Noun
вы • (və)
Declension
| case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | — | — |
| nominative | выр (vər) | выхэр (vəxɛr) |
| ergative | вым (vəm) | выхэмэ (vəxɛmɛ) |
| instrumental | вы(м)кӏэ (və(m)kʼɛ) | выхэ(м)кӏэ (vəxɛ(m)kʼɛ) |
| invertive | выу (vəwu) | выхыу (vəxəwu) |
Russian
Alternative forms
- Вы (Vy) — alternative capitalisation in formal writing
Etymology
From Old East Slavic вꙑ (vy), from Proto-Slavic *vy, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs. Cognate with Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam) and English you.
Use of Вы as a formal singular is attested in East Slavic literature from the 11th-16th century, under influence of Byzantine speech. It started becoming widespread in Russian society during the rule of Peter the Great, under French and German influence, and became ingrained by the 19th century.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vɨ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɨ
Pronoun
вы • (vy)
- you (plural or formal singular)
- 1869, Лев Толстой [Leo Tolstoy], “Том 2, Часть четвёртая, VIII”, in Война и мир; English translation from Aylmer and Louise Maude, transl., War and Peace, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922–1923:
- Она́ упрека́ла себя́ за то, но не могла́ не ворча́ть, не придира́ться к Со́не, ча́сто без причи́ны остана́вливая её, называ́я её «вы», и «моя́ ми́лая».
- Oná uprekála sebjá za to, no ne moglá ne vorčátʹ, ne pridirátʹsja k Sóne, částo bez pričíny ostanávlivaja jejó, nazyvája jejó «vy», i «mojá mílaja».
- Though she blamed herself for it, she could not refrain from grumbling at and worrying Sónya, often pulling her up without reason, addressing her stiffly as “my dear,” and using the formal “you” instead of the intimate “thou” in speaking to her.
Usage notes
The personal pronoun вы is comparable to French vous, German Sie, Italian Voi, Spanish usted, Portuguese vós, and is used not only in the plural sense, but also as the formal singular. The formal вы is appropriate with strangers, business contacts, neighbors, and friends. (The informal ты (ty) should only be used with family and friends. Even then, a speaker may suddenly switch to вы in order to broach an especially serious topic, or to indicate displeasure or anger.) For more information, see Appendix:Russian pronouns
Declension
| singular | plural | reflexive | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
| m | n | f | |||||||||
| nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
он (on) |
оно́ (onó) |
она́ (oná) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
они́ 1 (oní) |
— | ||
| genitive | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 2, него́ 2 3 (jevó, nevó) |
её 4, неё 3 4 (jejó, nejó) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
их, них 3 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | |||
| dative | мне (mne) |
тебе́ (tebé) |
ему́, нему́ 3 (jemú, nemú) |
ей, ней 3 (jej, nej) |
нам (nam) |
вам (vam) |
им, ним 3 (im, nim) |
себе́ (sebé) | |||
| accusative | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 2, него́ 2 3 (jevó, nevó) |
её, неё 3 (jejó, nejó) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
их, них 3 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | |||
| instrumental | мной, мно́ю 5 (mnoj, mnóju) |
тобо́й, тобо́ю 5 (tobój, tobóju) |
им, ним 3 (im, nim) |
ей, ней 3, е́ю 5, не́ю 3 5 (jej, nej, jéju, néju) |
на́ми (námi) |
ва́ми (vámi) |
и́ми, ни́ми 3 (ími, ními) |
собо́й, собо́ю 5 (sobój, sobóju) | |||
| prepositional 6 | мне (mne) |
тебе́ (tebé) |
нём 3 (njom) |
ней 3 (nej) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
них 3 (nix) |
себе́ (sebé) | |||
- Archaic feminine form: оне́ (oné).
- The letter г (g) in the genitive/accusative case ending is pronounced as /v/.
- The alternative forms starting with н- (n-) are used after a preposition.
- Archaic forms: ея́ (jejá), нея́ (nejá).
- Instrumental forms ending in -ю (-ju) are either dated, poetic, or dialectal.
- The prepositional case is never used without a preposition.
| singular | plural | reflexive | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||
| m | n | f | m / n | f | ||||||||
| nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
онъ (on) |
оно́ (onó) |
она́ (oná) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
они́ (oní) |
онѣ́ (oně́) |
— | ||
| genitive | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 1, него́ 1 2 (jevó, nevó) |
ея́ 3, нея́ 2 3 (jejá, nejá) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
ихъ, нихъ 2 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | ||||
| dative | мнѣ (mně) |
тебѣ́ (tebě́) |
ему́, нему́ 2 (jemú, nemú) |
ей, ней 2 (jej, nej) |
намъ (nam) |
вамъ (vam) |
имъ, нимъ 2 (im, nim) |
себѣ́ (sebě́) | ||||
| accusative | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 1, него́ 1 2 (jevó, nevó) |
её, неё 2 (jejó, nejó) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
ихъ, нихъ 2 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | ||||
| instrumental | мной, мно́ю 4 (mnoj, mnóju) |
тобо́й, тобо́ю 4 (tobój, tobóju) |
имъ, нимъ 2 (im, nim) |
ей, ней 2, е́ю 4, не́ю 2 4 (jej, nej, jéju, néju) |
на́ми (námi) |
ва́ми (vámi) |
и́ми, ни́ми 2 (ími, ními) |
собо́й, собо́ю 4 (sobój, sobóju) | ||||
| prepositional5 | мнѣ (mně) |
тебѣ́ (tebě́) |
нёмъ 2 (njom) |
ней 2 (nej) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
нихъ 2 (nix) |
себѣ́ (sebě́) | ||||
- Letter г (g) in the genitive/accusative case ending is pronounced as /v/.
- The alternative forms starting with н- (n-) are used after a preposition.
- Archaic forms: ея́ (jejá), нея́ (nejá).
- Instrumental forms ending in -ю (-ju) are either dated, poetic, or dialectal.
- The prepositional case is never used without a preposition.