чул
See also: Appendix:Variations of "cul"
Bulgarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [t͡ʃu̟ɫ]
Participle
чул • (čul)
- indefinite masculine singular past active aorist participle of чу́я (čúja)
Chuvash
Etymology
From Middle Chuvash *čål,[1] from Old Chuvash *ti̯ål,[2] ultimately from Proto-Turkic *tāĺ (“stone”), whence also Khalkha Mongolian чулуу (čuluu).[3] Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐱁 (taš), Yakut таас (taas), Turkish taş and Tatar таш (taş).
чул (čul) reading is from the Anatri dialect, while чол (čol) reading is from the Viryal dialect.
Pronunciation
Noun
чул • (čul)
Derived terms
- акшар чулӗ (akšar č̬ulĕ, “limestone, calx”) (cf. акшар (akšar, “lime, calx”))
- арман чулӗ (arman č̬ulĕ, “millstone”) (cf. арман (arman, “mill”), Turkish harman)
- пӳре чулӗ (püre č̬ulĕ, “kidney stone”) (cf. пӳре (püre, “kidney”))
- хӑйӑр чулӗ (hăjăr č̬ulĕ, “sandstone, gritstone”) (cf. хӑйӑр (hăjăr, “sand”))
- чул ӗмӗрӗ (čul ĕmĕrĕ, “stone age”) (cf. ӗмӗр (ĕmĕr, “age”))
- чул ту (čul t̬u, “cliff”) (cf. ту (tu, “mountain”))
- чул чӗре (čul č̬ĕre, “ruthlessness”) (cf. чӗре (čĕre, “heart”), lit. "stone-hearted")
- яка чул (jak̬a č̬ul, “pebble, cobblestone”) (cf. яка (jak̬a, “smooth, even”))
References
- ^ Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 225
- ^ Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 225
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2005): "The end of the Altaic controversy" [review of Starostin et al. (2003)]. Central Asiatic Journal volume 49, issue 1, pages 111-112.
- “чул”, in Электронлă сăмахсар[1] (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.
- Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “чул”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 326
- Ashmarin, Nikolai Ivanovich (1928-58) Словарь чувашского языка, 15-16, page 220.
Macedonian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [t͡ʃuɫ]
- Hyphenation: чул
Etymology 1
Participle
чул • (čul)
- masculine singular aorist l-participle of чуе (čue)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چول (çul), from Persian جل (joll).
Noun
чул • (čul) m (plural чулови, diminutive чулче or чулчинка)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | чул (čul) | чулови (čulovi) |
| definite unspecified | чулот (čulot) | чуловите (čulovite) |
| definite proximal | чулов (čulov) | чуловиве (čulovive) |
| definite distal | чулон (čulon) | чуловине (čulovine) |
| vocative | чулу (čulu) | чулови (čulovi) |
| count form | — | чула (čula) |
References
- “чул” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu