جل

See also: چل, خل, حل, ـجل, and ـجیل

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

Root
ج ل ل (j l l)
8 terms
  • Compare Hebrew גַּל (gall).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /d͡ʒall/

    Adjective

    جَلّ • (jall)

    1. great
    2. bulky
    3. outstanding
    Declension
    Declension of adjective جَلّ (jall)
    singular masculine feminine
    basic singular triptote singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    informal جَلّ
    jall     		الْجَلّ
    al-jall     		جَلَّة
    jalla     		الْجَلَّة
    al-jalla
    nominative جَلٌّ
    jallun     		الْجَلُّ
    al-jallu     		جَلَّةٌ
    jallatun     		الْجَلَّةُ
    al-jallatu
    accusative جَلًّا
    jallan     		الْجَلَّ
    al-jalla     		جَلَّةً
    jallatan     		الْجَلَّةَ
    al-jallata
    genitive جَلٍّ
    jallin     		الْجَلِّ
    al-jalli     		جَلَّةٍ
    jallatin     		الْجَلَّةِ
    al-jallati
    dual masculine feminine
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    informal جَلَّيْن
    jallayn     		الْجَلَّيْن
    al-jallayn     		جَلَّتَيْن
    jallatayn     		الْجَلَّتَيْن
    al-jallatayn
    nominative جَلَّانِ
    jallāni     		الْجَلَّانِ
    al-jallāni     		جَلَّتَانِ
    jallatāni     		الْجَلَّتَانِ
    al-jallatāni
    accusative جَلَّيْنِ
    jallayni     		الْجَلَّيْنِ
    al-jallayni     		جَلَّتَيْنِ
    jallatayni     		الْجَلَّتَيْنِ
    al-jallatayni
    genitive جَلَّيْنِ
    jallayni     		الْجَلَّيْنِ
    al-jallayni     		جَلَّتَيْنِ
    jallatayni     		الْجَلَّتَيْنِ
    al-jallatayni
    plural masculine feminine
    basic broken plural triptote sound feminine plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    informal جُلُول
    julūl     		الْجُلُول
    al-julūl     		جَلَّات
    jallāt     		الْجَلَّات
    al-jallāt
    nominative جُلُولٌ
    julūlun     		الْجُلُولُ
    al-julūlu     		جَلَّاتٌ
    jallātun     		الْجَلَّاتُ
    al-jallātu
    accusative جُلُولًا
    julūlan     		الْجُلُولَ
    al-julūla     		جَلَّاتٍ
    jallātin     		الْجَلَّاتِ
    al-jallāti
    genitive جُلُولٍ
    julūlin     		الْجُلُولِ
    al-julūli     		جَلَّاتٍ
    jallātin     		الْجَلَّاتِ
    al-jallāti

    Etymology 1.2

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /d͡ʒull/

    Noun

    جُلّ • (jull) m

    2. (construct) the bulk (of), the majority (of); the lion's share
      Synonym: أَكْثَر (ʔakṯar)
      مَا لَا يُدْرَكُ كُلُّهُ، لَا يُتْرَكُ جُلُّهُ.
      mā lā yudraku kulluhu, lā yutraku julluhu.
      What is not wholly achieved is not to be largely abandoned.
      • 20th century, مُصْطَفَى صادِق الرافِعي, جل الناسِ أعداءُ:
        جل الناسِ أعداءُ على السرَّاءِ والضَّرَّا
        فلا يغرُرْكَ مبتسمٌ وإن أبدى لكَ البشرا
        ففي الصدر حزازاتٌ تكادُ تمزقُ الصدرا
        ولو كادوا النجومَ هوتْ من الخضراءِ للغبرا
        وما الدنيا إذا فكر تَ غير جهنمَ الصُّغرى
        ألستَ ترى بها أمماً وكلٌّ تلعنُ الأخرى
        لقد جرَّبْتُ جُلَّهُمُ فلمْ أر فيهمُ خيرا
        Most men are rabid foes, / Be they in joy or woe!
        Do not be fooled by smiles, / Even if seeming kind:
        In their breasts is hateful fury, / almost tearing their hearts apart!
        If men could plot against the stars, / The stars would fall into the mire.
        Life, if you reflect, / Is but a "lesser Hell":
        Do you not see in it many nations? / And each of them execrates the other!
        I have appraised most sorts and kinds, / And in all, I saw no goodness!
    Declension
    Declension of noun جُلّ (jull)
    singular basic singular triptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal جُلّ
    jull     		الْجُلّ
    al-jull     		جُلّ
    jull
    nominative جُلٌّ
    jullun     		الْجُلُّ
    al-jullu     		جُلُّ
    jullu
    accusative جُلًّا
    jullan     		الْجُلَّ
    al-julla     		جُلَّ
    julla
    genitive جُلٍّ
    jullin     		الْجُلِّ
    al-julli     		جُلِّ
    julli

    Etymology 1.3

  • Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /d͡ʒal.la/

    Verb

    جَلَّ • (jalla) I (non-past يَجِلُّ (yajillu), verbal noun جَلَال (jalāl) or جَلَالَة (jalāla))

    1. to be illustrious
    2. to be beyond or above
    3. to be exalted or dignified
    4. to grow old
    Conjugation
    Conjugation of جَلَّ (I, geminate, a ~ i, no passive, verbal nouns جَلَال, جَلَالَة)
    verbal noun
    الْمَصْدَر     		جَلَال, جَلَالَة
    jalāl, jalāla
    active participle
    اِسْم الْفَاعِل     		جَالّ
    jāll
    active voice
    الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
    singular
    الْمُفْرَد     		dual
    الْمُثَنَّى     		plural
    الْجَمْع
    1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب     		1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب
    past (perfect) indicative
    الْمَاضِي     		m جَلَلْتُ
    jalaltu     		جَلَلْتَ
    jalalta     		جَلَّ
    jalla     		جَلَلْتُمَا
    jalaltumā     		جَلَّا
    jallā     		جَلَلْنَا
    jalalnā     		جَلَلْتُمْ
    jalaltum     		جَلُّوا
    jallū
    f جَلَلْتِ
    jalalti     		جَلَّتْ
    jallat     		جَلَّتَا
    jallatā     		جَلَلْتُنَّ
    jalaltunna     		جَلَلْنَ
    jalalna
    non-past (imperfect) indicative
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع     		m أَجِلُّ
    ʔajillu     		تَجِلُّ
    tajillu     		يَجِلُّ
    yajillu     		تَجِلَّانِ
    tajillāni     		يَجِلَّانِ
    yajillāni     		نَجِلُّ
    najillu     		تَجِلُّونَ
    tajillūna     		يَجِلُّونَ
    yajillūna
    f تَجِلِّينَ
    tajillīna     		تَجِلُّ
    tajillu     		تَجِلَّانِ
    tajillāni     		تَجْلِلْنَ
    tajlilna     		يَجْلِلْنَ
    yajlilna
    subjunctive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب     		m أَجِلَّ
    ʔajilla     		تَجِلَّ
    tajilla     		يَجِلَّ
    yajilla     		تَجِلَّا
    tajillā     		يَجِلَّا
    yajillā     		نَجِلَّ
    najilla     		تَجِلُّوا
    tajillū     		يَجِلُّوا
    yajillū
    f تَجِلِّي
    tajillī     		تَجِلَّ
    tajilla     		تَجِلَّا
    tajillā     		تَجْلِلْنَ
    tajlilna     		يَجْلِلْنَ
    yajlilna
    jussive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم     		m أَجِلَّ, أَجِلِّ, أَجْلِلْ
    ʔajilla, ʔajilli, ʔajlil     		تَجِلَّ, تَجِلِّ, تَجْلِلْ
    tajilla, tajilli, tajlil     		يَجِلَّ, يَجِلِّ, يَجْلِلْ
    yajilla, yajilli, yajlil     		تَجِلَّا
    tajillā     		يَجِلَّا
    yajillā     		نَجِلَّ, نَجِلِّ, نَجْلِلْ
    najilla, najilli, najlil     		تَجِلُّوا
    tajillū     		يَجِلُّوا
    yajillū
    f تَجِلِّي
    tajillī     		تَجِلَّ, تَجِلِّ, تَجْلِلْ
    tajilla, tajilli, tajlil     		تَجِلَّا
    tajillā     		تَجْلِلْنَ
    tajlilna     		يَجْلِلْنَ
    yajlilna
    imperative
    الْأَمْر     		m جِلَّ, جِلِّ, اِجْلِلْ
    jilla, jilli, ijlil     		جِلَّا
    jillā     		جِلُّوا
    jillū
    f جِلِّي
    jillī     		اِجْلِلْنَ
    ijlilna

    Etymology 2

    Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul). Doublet of وَرْد (ward).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /d͡ʒull/

    Noun

    جُلّ • (jull) m (uncommon)

    2. jasmine, rose
    Declension
    Declension of noun جُلّ (jull)
    singular basic singular triptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal جُلّ
    jull     		الْجُلّ
    al-jull     		جُلّ
    jull
    nominative جُلٌّ
    jullun     		الْجُلُّ
    al-jullu     		جُلُّ
    jullu
    accusative جُلًّا
    jullan     		الْجُلَّ
    al-julla     		جُلَّ
    julla
    genitive جُلٍّ
    jullin     		الْجُلِّ
    al-julli     		جُلِّ
    julli

    Etymology 3

    Borrowed from Iranian. Compare Central Kurdish جِل (cil, “beggar’s clothes”), Classical Persian جُلّ (jull, “horse-covering, saddle-cloth”), Balti [script needed] (jol, “horse cover”), Yagnobi [script needed] (jul, “horse-cloth”), Gurani [script needed] (jal, jul, “cover, cloth”). Doublet of شَلَّاق (šallāq), جُوَالَق (juwālaq), and جُوَال (juwāl).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /d͡ʒull/

    Noun

    جُلّ • (jull) m (plural أَجْلَال (ʔajlāl) or جِلَال (jilāl)) (regional)

    2. horse-covering, saddlecloth
      • a. 869, الْجَاحِظ [al-jāḥiẓ], “باب ما يُجلب من البلدان من طرائف السلع والأمتعة والجواري والأحجار وغير ذلك [What one imports from strange countries in items, commodities, she-slaves, stones and else.]”, in التَبَصُّر بِٱلتِّجَارَة [at-tabaṣṣur bi-t-tijāra]‎[1]:
        ومن السوس: الأُتْرُجُّ ودُهن البنفسج والشاه سبرم والجِلال والبراذع.
        From Sūs one gets citrons, violet-oil, basil, and horse-covers and pack-saddles.
      • 1355, اِبْن بَطُّوطَة [ibn baṭṭūṭa, Ibn Baṭṭūṭa], edited by Charles Defrémery & Beniamino Sanguinetti, تُحْفَةُ ٱلنُّظَّارِ فِي غَرَائِبِ ٱلْأَمْصَارِ وَعَجَائِبِ ٱلْأَسْفَارِ [tuḥfatu n-nuẓẓāri fī ḡarāʔibi l-ʔamṣāri waʕajāʔibi l-ʔasfāri]‎[2], volume II, Paris: L'imprimerie impériale/nationale, published 1854, page 35, line 2 a fine:
        وقد لبسوا التلاليس وجِلال الدوابّ وجعلوا فوق رءوسهم التراب والتبن.
        They were clothed in sacks and pelts of domestic beasts and had their heads covered with earth and straw.
    Declension
    Declension of noun جُلّ (jull)
    singular basic singular triptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal جُلّ
    jull     		الْجُلّ
    al-jull     		جُلّ
    jull
    nominative جُلٌّ
    jullun     		الْجُلُّ
    al-jullu     		جُلُّ
    jullu
    accusative جُلًّا
    jullan     		الْجُلَّ
    al-julla     		جُلَّ
    julla
    genitive جُلٍّ
    jullin     		الْجُلِّ
    al-julli     		جُلِّ
    julli
    dual indefinite definite construct
    informal جُلَّيْن
    jullayn     		الْجُلَّيْن
    al-jullayn     		جُلَّيْ
    jullay
    nominative جُلَّانِ
    jullāni     		الْجُلَّانِ
    al-jullāni     		جُلَّا
    jullā
    accusative جُلَّيْنِ
    jullayni     		الْجُلَّيْنِ
    al-jullayni     		جُلَّيْ
    jullay
    genitive جُلَّيْنِ
    jullayni     		الْجُلَّيْنِ
    al-jullayni     		جُلَّيْ
    jullay
    plural basic broken plural triptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal أَجْلَال‎; جِلَال
    ʔajlāl‎; jilāl     		الْأَجْلَال‎; الْجِلَال
    al-ʔajlāl‎; al-jilāl     		أَجْلَال‎; جِلَال
    ʔajlāl‎; jilāl
    nominative أَجْلَالٌ‎; جِلَالٌ
    ʔajlālun‎; jilālun     		الْأَجْلَالُ‎; الْجِلَالُ
    al-ʔajlālu‎; al-jilālu     		أَجْلَالُ‎; جِلَالُ
    ʔajlālu‎; jilālu
    accusative أَجْلَالًا‎; جِلَالًا
    ʔajlālan‎; jilālan     		الْأَجْلَالَ‎; الْجِلَالَ
    al-ʔajlāla‎; al-jilāla     		أَجْلَالَ‎; جِلَالَ
    ʔajlāla‎; jilāla
    genitive أَجْلَالٍ‎; جِلَالٍ
    ʔajlālin‎; jilālin     		الْأَجْلَالِ‎; الْجِلَالِ
    al-ʔajlāli‎; al-jilāli     		أَجْلَالِ‎; جِلَالِ
    ʔajlāli‎; jilāli

    References

    • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 103–104
    • Rossi, Adriano Valerio (2011) “Ossetic and Balochi in V.I. Abaev’s SLOVAR'”, in Nartamongæ. The Journal of Alano-Ossetic Studies‎[3], volume 8, pages 251–255 (from 236)

    Persian

    Etymology

    Perhaps cognate to Sanskrit चोल (cola). Borrowed as Arabic جُلّ (jull)

    Noun

    جل • (joll)

    1. horse-covering, saddlecloth
    2. veil (hung before a sanctuary)

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • → Ottoman Turkish: چول (çul) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    Urdu

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Sanskrit जल (jala).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    جَل • (jal) m (Hindi spelling जल)

    1. water
      Synonym: پانی (pānī)
      • ناصر شہزاد (Nāsir Śahzād):
        جل میں ٹھہرا ترا مرا چہرا
        کیسا دریا تھا وہ سبھا کیسی
        jal mẽ ṭhahrā tirā mirā cehrā
        kaisā dariyā thā voh sabhā kaisī
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

    References

    • “جل”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
    • “جل”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
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