إن

Inherited from Proto-West Semitic *him, from Proto-Semitic *šim.

• IPA^(key): /ʔin/

إِن • (ʔin)

1. (conditional) if (possible, not contrary to fact)

   إِنۡ تَدۡرُسۡ تَنۡجَحۡ ― ʔin tadrus tanjaḥ ― If you study you (will) succeed.

   إِنۡ لَا تَدۡرُسۡ لَا تَنۡجَحۡ

   ʔin lā tadrus lā tanjaḥ

   If you do not study you (will) not succeed.

   ٱلمَرۡءُ مَقۡتُولٌ بِمَا قَتَلَ بِهِ: إِنۡ سَيۡفًا فَسَيۡفٌ، وَإِنۡ خِنۡجَرًا فَخِنۡجَرٌ.

   l-marʔu maqtūlun bimā qatala bihi: ʔin sayfan fasayfun, waʔin ḵinjaran faḵinjarun.

   A person is killed by what they are killed with, whether it's a sword, it's a sword, and if it's a dagger, it's a dagger.

   ٱلنَّاسُ مَجۡزِيُّونَ بِأَعَمَالِهِمۡ: إِنۡ خَيۡرًا فَخَيۡرٌ، وَإنۡ شَرًّا فَشَرٌّ.

   n-nāsu majziyyūna biʔaʕamālihim: ʔin ḵayran faḵayrun, waʔin šarran fašarrun.

   People are rewarded for their deeds, if it's good, it's good, and if it's evil, it's evil.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:111:

     وَقَالُواْ لَن يَدۡخُلَ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ إلَّا مَن كَانَ هُودًا أَوۡ نَصَـٰرَىٰ ۗ تِلۡكَ أَمَانِيُّهُمۡ ۗ قُلۡ هَاتُواْ بُرۡهَـٰنَكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَـٰدِقِينَ

     "'waqālū lan yadkhula al-janata illā man kāna hūdan aw naṣārā, tilka amāniyyuhum, qul hātū bur'hānakum in kuntum ṣādiqīna."

     "The Jews and Christians each claim that none will enter Paradise except those of their own faith. These are their desires. Reply, ˹O Prophet,˺ “Show ˹me˺ your proof if what you say is true.”"

Normally for conditions that are capable of being fulfilled. For contrary-to-fact conditions, use لَوْ (law). Used with the past tense or the jussive, in both cases with a present-tense meaning.

• إِذْمَا (ʔiḏmā)

• إِمَّا (ʔimmā)

Cognate to Hebrew הִנֵּה (“lo, behold”).^[1][2]

• IPA^(key): /ʔin.na/

إِنَّ • (ʔinna)

1. indeed, an emphasizing sentence particle, usually untranslated

   إِنِّي فَقِيرٌ وَلَا أَجِدُ طَعَامًا أُطْعِمُ أَوْلَادِي وَعَائِلَتِي، فَسَاعِدْنِي.

   ʔinnī faqīrun wa-lā ʔajidu ṭaʕāman ʔuṭʕimu ʔawlādī wa-ʕāʔilatī, fa-sāʕidnī.

   Indeed, I am poor and can't find food to feed my children and my family, so please help me.

• The subject of a clause containing إِنَّ (ʔinna) takes the accusative case, personal pronouns take enclitic forms.
• When إِنَّ (ʔinna) is followed by the first person singular enclitic ـِي (-ī, “my, me”), it produces forms إِنِّي (ʔinnī) or إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī). When it is followed by the first person plural enclitic نَا (nā, “our, us”), it produces forms إِنَّا (ʔinnā) or إِنَّنَا (ʔinnanā).

• إِنَّمَا (ʔinnamā)

• (ʔinna and her sisters) إِنَّ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا (ʔinna wa-ʔaḵawātuhā); إِنَّ (ʔinna), أَنَّ (ʔanna), لٰكِنَّ (lākinna), كَأَنَّ (kaʔanna), لِأَنَّ (liʔanna), لٰكِنَّ (lākinna), لَعَلَّ (laʕalla), لَيْتَ (layta), ^{(Category: Sisters of ʾinna)}

Cognate to Hebrew אין (ein).

• IPA^(key): /ʔin/

إِنْ • (ʔin)

1. (archaic) not
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 67:20:

     إِنِ الْكَافِرُونَ إِلَّا فِي غُرُورٍ

     ʔini al-kāfirūna ʔillā fī ḡurūrin

     the disbelievers are not but in delusion

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:62:

     إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلَّا إِحْسَانًا وَتَوْفِيقًا

     ʔin ʔaradnā ʔillā ʔiḥsānan wa-tawfīqan

     we intended nothing but good conduct and accommodation

   • a. 869, Al-Jāḥiẓ, “طرف أهل خراسان”, in البخلاء:

     لَا وَٱللّٰهِ، إِنْ أَهْلَكَ النَّاسَ وَلَا أَقْفَرَ بُيُوتَهُمْ وَلَا تَرَكَ دُورَهُمْ بَلَاقِعَ إِلَّا الْإِيمَانُ بِٱلْخَلَفِ

     lā wal-lāhi, ʔin ʔahlaka n-nāsa walā ʔaqfara buyūtahum walā taraka dūrahum balāqiʕa ʔillā l-ʔīmānu bi-l-ḵalafi

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• مَا (mā)

• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “إن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 103 seqq..
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “إن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 37

From Arabic إن (ʔin).

إن • (ʔin)

1. if

   إن قلت أه نبقى موافقين

   ʔin ʔult ʔāh nibʔa mwafʔīn

   If you say yes, we're agreed.

   إن كان كويس ولا وحش ― ʔin kān kuwayyis walla wiḥiš ― Whether it be good or bad.

• إذا (ʔiza, “if”), لو (law, “if”)

From Arabic أَنَّ (ʔanna).

إن • (ʔinn)

1. that

   واضح إنه بيحبك ― wāḍiḥ ʔinnu biyḥibbik ― It's obvious that he loves you.

   بيصرف مال كإنه غني

   biyiṣrif māl ka-ʔinnu ḡani

   He spends money as if he were rich.

From Arabic إن (ʔin).

إن • (ʔin)

1. if (followed by a past tense verb)

   Synonyms: إذا (ʔiza), إنكنّـ (ʔin-kann-)

   إن جيت بكرة، جيبلي معك جاكيت.

   ʔin jīt bukra jīb-li maʕak jākēt

   If you come tomorrow, bring me a jacket.

   (literally, “If you come tomorrow, bring for me a jacket with you.”)

• إن (ʔin) is always followed by a verb in the past tense, even if referring to an action in the future.

• لو (law, “if (hypothetical)”), لونـ (lawenn-, “if (hypothetical)”)

From Arabic أَنَّ (ʔanna).

See إنّه (ʔinno).

إنّـ • (ʔinn-)

1. that (followed by a suffix pronoun)

   Invariable form: إنّه (ʔinno)

• This preposition can be either used invariable in the form إنّه (ʔinno) or with an attached suffix pronoun.
• The suffix pronoun agrees with the subject of the subordinate clause.

• لإنّـ (la-ʔinn-, “because”)
• كإنّـ (ka-ʔinn-, “as if”)