ثم

See also: بم, تم, نم, and يم

Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /θum.ma/

Conjunction

ثُمَّ • (ṯumma)

  1. then, afterward, subsequently; used to indicate order of time, being later occurring, or even in lesser degree of impressiveness
  2. and again; used when repeating a word or short phrase in order to emphasize it
  3. and so or also, likewise, accordingly, moreover, furthermore, additionally so; used to denote a speaker's order of enunciation, not indicating a sequence or delay of occurrence between two statements
    • أَعْجَبَنِي مَا صَنَعْتَ اليَوْمَ ثُمَّ مَا صَنَعْتَ أَمْسِ أَعْجَبُ
      ʔaʕjabanī mā ṣanaʕta l-yawma ṯumma mā ṣanaʕta ʔamsi ʔaʕjabu
      What you did today caused me to be impressed; accordingly what you did yesterday was most impressive.
Usage notes
  • ثُمَّ (ṯumma) indicates that there is a certain period of time between the two actions, whereas فَ (fa) indicates that the second action follows directly after the first action.
Descendants
  • Ottoman Turkish: ثم (sümme)

Etymology 2

Compare Hebrew שָׁם (šām), שָׁמָּה (šā́mmā), Aramaic תַּמָּה (tammā), תַּמָּן (tammān), Ugaritic 𐎘𐎎 (ṯm).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /θam.ma/

Adverb

ثَمَّ • (ṯamma)

  1. there
Descendants

Etymology 3

Root
ث م م (ṯ m m)
2 terms

Verb

ثَمَّ • (ṯamma) I (non-past يَثُمُّ (yaṯummu), verbal noun ثَمّ (ṯamm))

  1. to put into a good state, to mend, to get together in an orderly fashion, to repair
  2. to apply ثُمَام (ṯumām, panicgrass) to
Conjugation
Conjugation of ثَمَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive (?), verbal noun ثَمّ)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
ثَمّ
ṯamm
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
ثَامّ
ṯāmm
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مَثْمُوم
maṯmūm
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m ثَمَمْتُ
ṯamamtu
ثَمَمْتَ
ṯamamta
ثَمَّ
ṯamma
ثَمَمْتُمَا
ṯamamtumā
ثَمَّا
ṯammā
ثَمَمْنَا
ṯamamnā
ثَمَمْتُمْ
ṯamamtum
ثَمُّوا
ṯammū
f ثَمَمْتِ
ṯamamti
ثَمَّتْ
ṯammat
ثَمَّتَا
ṯammatā
ثَمَمْتُنَّ
ṯamamtunna
ثَمَمْنَ
ṯamamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أَثُمُّ
ʔaṯummu
تَثُمُّ
taṯummu
يَثُمُّ
yaṯummu
تَثُمَّانِ
taṯummāni
يَثُمَّانِ
yaṯummāni
نَثُمُّ
naṯummu
تَثُمُّونَ
taṯummūna
يَثُمُّونَ
yaṯummūna
f تَثُمِّينَ
taṯummīna
تَثُمُّ
taṯummu
تَثُمَّانِ
taṯummāni
تَثْمُمْنَ
taṯmumna
يَثْمُمْنَ
yaṯmumna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أَثُمَّ
ʔaṯumma
تَثُمَّ
taṯumma
يَثُمَّ
yaṯumma
تَثُمَّا
taṯummā
يَثُمَّا
yaṯummā
نَثُمَّ
naṯumma
تَثُمُّوا
taṯummū
يَثُمُّوا
yaṯummū
f تَثُمِّي
taṯummī
تَثُمَّ
taṯumma
تَثُمَّا
taṯummā
تَثْمُمْنَ
taṯmumna
يَثْمُمْنَ
yaṯmumna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أَثُمَّ, أَثُمِّ, أَثْمُمْ
ʔaṯumma, ʔaṯummi, ʔaṯmum
تَثُمَّ, تَثُمِّ, تَثْمُمْ
taṯumma, taṯummi, taṯmum
يَثُمَّ, يَثُمِّ, يَثْمُمْ
yaṯumma, yaṯummi, yaṯmum
تَثُمَّا
taṯummā
يَثُمَّا
yaṯummā
نَثُمَّ, نَثُمِّ, نَثْمُمْ
naṯumma, naṯummi, naṯmum
تَثُمُّوا
taṯummū
يَثُمُّوا
yaṯummū
f تَثُمِّي
taṯummī
تَثُمَّ, تَثُمِّ, تَثْمُمْ
taṯumma, taṯummi, taṯmum
تَثُمَّا
taṯummā
تَثْمُمْنَ
taṯmumna
يَثْمُمْنَ
yaṯmumna
imperative
الْأَمْر
m ثُمَّ, ثُمِّ, اُثْمُمْ
ṯumma, ṯummi, uṯmum
ثُمَّا
ṯummā
ثُمُّوا
ṯummū
f ثُمِّي
ṯummī
اُثْمُمْنَ
uṯmumna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m ثُمِمْتُ
ṯumimtu
ثُمِمْتَ
ṯumimta
ثُمَّ
ṯumma
ثُمِمْتُمَا
ṯumimtumā
ثُمَّا
ṯummā
ثُمِمْنَا
ṯumimnā
ثُمِمْتُمْ
ṯumimtum
ثُمُّوا
ṯummū
f ثُمِمْتِ
ṯumimti
ثُمَّتْ
ṯummat
ثُمَّتَا
ṯummatā
ثُمِمْتُنَّ
ṯumimtunna
ثُمِمْنَ
ṯumimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أُثَمُّ
ʔuṯammu
تُثَمُّ
tuṯammu
يُثَمُّ
yuṯammu
تُثَمَّانِ
tuṯammāni
يُثَمَّانِ
yuṯammāni
نُثَمُّ
nuṯammu
تُثَمُّونَ
tuṯammūna
يُثَمُّونَ
yuṯammūna
f تُثَمِّينَ
tuṯammīna
تُثَمُّ
tuṯammu
تُثَمَّانِ
tuṯammāni
تُثْمَمْنَ
tuṯmamna
يُثْمَمْنَ
yuṯmamna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أُثَمَّ
ʔuṯamma
تُثَمَّ
tuṯamma
يُثَمَّ
yuṯamma
تُثَمَّا
tuṯammā
يُثَمَّا
yuṯammā
نُثَمَّ
nuṯamma
تُثَمُّوا
tuṯammū
يُثَمُّوا
yuṯammū
f تُثَمِّي
tuṯammī
تُثَمَّ
tuṯamma
تُثَمَّا
tuṯammā
تُثْمَمْنَ
tuṯmamna
يُثْمَمْنَ
yuṯmamna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أُثَمَّ, أُثَمِّ, أُثْمَمْ
ʔuṯamma, ʔuṯammi, ʔuṯmam
تُثَمَّ, تُثَمِّ, تُثْمَمْ
tuṯamma, tuṯammi, tuṯmam
يُثَمَّ, يُثَمِّ, يُثْمَمْ
yuṯamma, yuṯammi, yuṯmam
تُثَمَّا
tuṯammā
يُثَمَّا
yuṯammā
نُثَمَّ, نُثَمِّ, نُثْمَمْ
nuṯamma, nuṯammi, nuṯmam
تُثَمُّوا
tuṯammū
يُثَمُّوا
yuṯammū
f تُثَمِّي
tuṯammī
تُثَمَّ, تُثَمِّ, تُثْمَمْ
tuṯamma, tuṯammi, tuṯmam
تُثَمَّا
tuṯammā
تُثْمَمْنَ
tuṯmamna
يُثْمَمْنَ
yuṯmamna

Noun

ثَمّ • (ṯammm

  1. verbal noun of ثَمَّ (ṯamma) (form I)
Declension
Declension of noun ثَمّ (ṯamm)
singular basic singular triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal ثَمّ
ṯamm
الثَّمّ
aṯ-ṯamm
ثَمّ
ṯamm
nominative ثَمٌّ
ṯammun
الثَّمُّ
aṯ-ṯammu
ثَمُّ
ṯammu
accusative ثَمًّا
ṯamman
الثَّمَّ
aṯ-ṯamma
ثَمَّ
ṯamma
genitive ثَمٍّ
ṯammin
الثَّمِّ
aṯ-ṯammi
ثَمِّ
ṯammi

Noun

ثُمّ • (ṯummm

  1. household utensils, tools that put a house or tent into a good order, domestic possessions
Declension
Declension of noun ثُمّ (ṯumm)
singular basic singular triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal ثُمّ
ṯumm
الثُّمّ
aṯ-ṯumm
ثُمّ
ṯumm
nominative ثُمٌّ
ṯummun
الثُّمُّ
aṯ-ṯummu
ثُمُّ
ṯummu
accusative ثُمًّا
ṯumman
الثُّمَّ
aṯ-ṯumma
ثُمَّ
ṯumma
genitive ثُمٍّ
ṯummin
الثُّمِّ
aṯ-ṯummi
ثُمِّ
ṯummi

References

  • Freytag, Georg (1830) “ثم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 226
  • Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “ثم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 350–351.
  • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ثم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[2] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 157

Urdu

Etymology

From Arabic ثُمَّ (ṯumma).

Pronunciation

Adverb

ثُمَّ • (summa) (Hindi spelling सुम्मा)

  1. again, once more
  2. then, thereafter

References

  • ثم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • ثم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.