خربزه

Persian

Alternative forms

خربز (xarboz), خربوزه (xarbuze), خربیزه (xarbize) (dialectal)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hlbyck' /⁠xarbīzag⁠/, “watermelon”), of unclear origin:

According to Horn, the latter is formed as 𐮴𐮹 (xar, “ass, donkey”) +‎ 𐮱𐮵𐮿𐮵𐮰 (bwcnʾ /⁠bōzīnʾ⁠/, “cucumber; citron”). The first part is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰáras, and the second part is probably related to Proto-Semitic *būṣ-. However, this is considered a folk etymology by Nişanyan.
According to Pelliot, a reshaping of Sanskrit त्रपुस (trapusa, “the fruit of colocynth”) by popular etymology.

Forms with t- are attested in Persian: (tarboze), (tarboz, “watermelon”). Akin to Middle Armenian խարպիզակ (xarpizak), խարբզակ (xarbzak), Georgian ხაბურზაკი (xaburzaḳi), ხარბუზაკი (xarbuzaḳi), Iranian borrowings.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /xaɾ.bu.ˈza/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xäɾ.bʊ.zǽ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xäɾ.bʊ.zǽ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xäɾ.bu.zǽ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xæɹ.bo.zé]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χäɾ.bu.zǽ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	xarbuza
Dari reading^?	xarbuza
Iranian reading^?	xarboze
Tajik reading^?	xarbuza

Noun


Dari	خَربُوزَه
Iranian Persian	خَربُزِه
Tajik	харбуза

خَربُزِه • (xarboze) (plural خربزه‌ها)

(Iran or nonstandard) melon
Synonym: بطیخ (bettix)

Descendants

→ Abaza: харбыз (xarbəz)
→ Adyghe: къэпраз (qɛpraz)
→ Arabic: خِرْبِز (ḵirbiz, “honeydew melon”)
→ Chechen: хорбаз (xorbaz)
→ Gujarati: ખરભુજા (kharbhujā), ખરબૂજા (kharbūjā)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: ख़रबूज़ा (xarbūzā)

Urdu: خربوزہ (xarbūzā)
→ Ingush: харбаз (xarbaz)
→ Kabardian: хъарбыз (ꭓarbəz)
→ Ossetian: харбыз (xarbyz)
→ Ottoman Turkish: خربز (harbüz), خربزه (harbüze)
- → Old East Slavic: арбузъ (arbuzŭ)
  - Russian: арбу́з (arbúz)
    - → Buryat: арбуз (arbuz)
    - → Estonian: arbuus
    - → Latvian: arbūzs
    - → Lithuanian: arbūzas
    - → Polish: arbuz
    - → Volga German: Erbus
- → Ukrainian: гарбу́з (harbúz, “pumpkin”)
  - → Belarusian: гарбу́з (harbúz)
  - → Latgalian: garbuzs, Latgalian: garbūzs
  - → Polish: harbuz
  - → Romanian: harbuz
→ Turkic: (taking Persian as representative for all Iranian)
- Azerbaijani: qarpız
  - → Persian: قارپوز (qârpuz)
- Bashkir: ҡарбуз (qarbuz)
- Crimean Tatar: qarpız
- Karachay-Balkar: харбыз (xarbız)
- Kazakh: қарбыз (qarbyz)
- Kipchak: قربز (karbız)
- Ottoman Turkish: قارپوز (karpuz), գարփուզ (karpuz) — Armeno-Turkish
  - Turkish: karpuz
  - → Abkhaz: а-карпы́жә (a-kʼarpʼə́ẑʷ)
  - → Adyghe: хъырбыдз (ꭓərbədz)
  - → Albanian: karpuz
  - → Bulgarian: карпу́за (karpúza)
  - → Greek: καρπούζι (karpoúzi)
  - → Kabardian: хъарбыз (ꭓarbəz)
  - → Ladino: karpus
  - → Serbo-Croatian: kàrpuza / ка̀рпуза
- Tatar: карбыз (qarbız)
- Turkmen: garpyz
→ Sanskrit: खर्बूज (kharbūja)

References

Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “խարպիզակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 348b
Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1590
Horn, Paul (1893) “xerbuze”, in Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 105
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “karpuz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “арбуз”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress