خلنگ

Brahui

Etymology 1

A highly polysemous verb resulting from the conflation of several sources:

McAlpin proposes several Elamite cognates for the various senses of this verb:

Speculative Elamite cognates.
  • He relates the "strike" and "kill" sense to Achaemenid Elamite [script needed] (hal-pi-iš /⁠halpiš⁠/, “he slew, had killed, hit, struck”), [script needed] (hal-ba /⁠halba⁠/, “died, dead”).[4] He claims to split the "strike" and "kill" senses on the basis of only "strike" having the imperative form خَڷ (xał) but this does not seem supported by the literature, and he provides some of the same Elamite cognates for both anyways.
  • He relates the "lift cattle" sense to Old Elamite [script needed] (ha-al-ma-h /⁠halmah⁠/, “I made disappear”), etc.[5]
  • He relates the "uproot" sense to New Elamite [script needed] (hi-ul-li-in /⁠hillin⁠/, “plunder, booty”).[6]
  • The "pitch a tent" sense is related to Middle Elamite [script needed] (hu-ul-ba-h /⁠hulbah⁠/, “I erected”)[7]
  • The "traverse" sense is related to Achaemenid Elamite [script needed] (hal-sa-ba /⁠halsaba⁠/, “to drive to pasture”)[8]

Verb

خَلِّنْگ (xalliṅg)

  1. to strike
    1. to kill
    2. to apply gently
    3. to fire (a gun), throw (a stone), etc.
  2. to lift cattle
  3. to uproot, gather (vegetables, etc.)
  4. to pitch (a tent)
    1. to plant (a tree)
  5. to traverse (a road)
  6. to invest[9]
  7. to begin[9]
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “2132”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.
  2. ^ Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “1372”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.
  3. ^ Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “1373”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.
  4. ^ McAlpin, David (2022) “*xal”, in “Modern colloquial eastern Elamite”, in Al-Burz, volume 14, number 1, page 76 of 64–123
  5. ^ McAlpin, David (2022) “*xaɬ”, in “Modern colloquial eastern Elamite”, in Al-Burz, volume 14, number 1, page 77 of 64–123
  6. ^ McAlpin, David (2022) “*xel”, in “Modern colloquial eastern Elamite”, in Al-Burz, volume 14, number 1, page 77 of 64–123
  7. ^ McAlpin, David (2022) “*xol”, in “Modern colloquial eastern Elamite”, in Al-Burz, volume 14, number 1, page 77 of 64–123
  8. ^ McAlpin, David (2022) “*xal”, in “Modern colloquial eastern Elamite”, in Al-Burz, volume 14, number 1, page 76 of 64–123
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Ali, Liaquat, Kobayashi, Masato (2024) “xall-ing”, in Brahui Texts: Glossed and Translated Short Stories and Folktales‎[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, page 732

Further reading

  • Bray, Denys (1934) “khalling”, in The Brahui Language‎[2], Calcutta, India: Superintendent Government Printing, Part II: The Brāhūī Problem; Part III: Etymological Vocabulary, page 179

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian [Term?]. Cognate with Tamil குலுங்கு (kuluṅku). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

McAlpin relates it to Achaemenid Elamite [script needed] (ip-ši-iš /⁠ipšiš⁠/, “they feared”), etc. which he claims are metathesised causatives from earlier *huš-p-.[1]

Verb

خُلِنْگ (xuliṅg)

  1. to fear, be afraid
Derived terms
  • خُلِیس (xulīs, “fear”)
  • خُلْکُن (xulkun, “soft”)
  • خُلِیفِنْگ (xulīfiṅg, “to scare”)

References

  1. ^ McAlpin, David (2022) “*xuɬ”, in “Modern colloquial eastern Elamite”, in Al-Burz, volume 14, number 1, page 77 of 64–123

Further reading

  • Bray, Denys (1934) “khuling”, in The Brahui Language‎[3], Calcutta, India: Superintendent Government Printing, Part II: The Brāhūī Problem; Part III: Etymological Vocabulary, page 186
  • Ali, Liaquat, Kobayashi, Masato (2024) “xul-ing”, in Brahui Texts: Glossed and Translated Short Stories and Folktales‎[4], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, page 733

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian [Term?]. Cognate with Tamil குளி (kuḷi, “to pierce”), Tulu ಕುಳಿಪುನಿ (kuḷipuni, “to sting”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

خُلِّنْگ (xulliṅg)

  1. to pierce, stab
  2. to insert
  3. to traverse

Further reading

  • Bray, Denys (1934) “khulling”, in The Brahui Language‎[5], Calcutta, India: Superintendent Government Printing, Part II: The Brāhūī Problem; Part III: Etymological Vocabulary, page 186

Persian

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? xalang
Dari reading? xalang
Iranian reading? xalang
Tajik reading? xalang

Adjective

خَلَنْگ • (xalang)

  1. bi-coloured, piebald

Noun

خَلَنْگ • (xalang)

  1. heather
    Synonyms: ورسک (veresk), اریکا (erika)
Derived terms
  •  خلنگی (xalangi, “ericaceous”)
Descendants
  • → Arabic: خَلَنْج (ḵalanj)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? xilang
Dari reading? xilang
Iranian reading? xelang
Tajik reading? xilang

Noun

خِلَنْگ • (xilang)

  1. pinching the skin with the nails

Further reading

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