سواد
Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| س و د (s w d) |
| 17 terms |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa.waːd/
Noun
سَوَاد • (sawād) m (plural أَسْوِدَة (ʔaswida) or أَسَاوِد (ʔasāwid))
- (uncountable) blackness, black
- (uncountable or countable) an indistinct or unrecognizable figure; a shape; a silhouette; the shadow of a thing or an animal
- رَأَيْتُ سَوَادًا مِنْ بَعِيدٍ ― raʔaytu sawādan min baʕīdin ― I saw a shape in the distance.
- (uncountable) multitude (of people)
- سَوَادُ النَّاس ― sawādu n-nās ― the majority of people
- (countable, rare) the body of a human or an animal
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ar:body
- (uncountable, dated) the backwoods; the countryside
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | سَوَاد sawād |
السَّوَاد as-sawād |
سَوَاد sawād |
| nominative | سَوَادٌ sawādun |
السَّوَادُ as-sawādu |
سَوَادُ sawādu |
| accusative | سَوَادًا sawādan |
السَّوَادَ as-sawāda |
سَوَادَ sawāda |
| genitive | سَوَادٍ sawādin |
السَّوَادِ as-sawādi |
سَوَادِ sawādi |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | سَوَادَيْن sawādayn |
السَّوَادَيْن as-sawādayn |
سَوَادَيْ sawāday |
| nominative | سَوَادَانِ sawādāni |
السَّوَادَانِ as-sawādāni |
سَوَادَا sawādā |
| accusative | سَوَادَيْنِ sawādayni |
السَّوَادَيْنِ as-sawādayni |
سَوَادَيْ sawāday |
| genitive | سَوَادَيْنِ sawādayni |
السَّوَادَيْنِ as-sawādayni |
سَوَادَيْ sawāday |
| plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a); basic broken plural diptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | أَسْوِدَة; أَسَاوِد ʔaswida; ʔasāwid |
الْأَسْوِدَة; الْأَسَاوِد al-ʔaswida; al-ʔasāwid |
أَسْوِدَة; أَسَاوِد ʔaswidat; ʔasāwid |
| nominative | أَسْوِدَةٌ; أَسَاوِدُ ʔaswidatun; ʔasāwidu |
الْأَسْوِدَةُ; الْأَسَاوِدُ al-ʔaswidatu; al-ʔasāwidu |
أَسْوِدَةُ; أَسَاوِدُ ʔaswidatu; ʔasāwidu |
| accusative | أَسْوِدَةً; أَسَاوِدَ ʔaswidatan; ʔasāwida |
الْأَسْوِدَةَ; الْأَسَاوِدَ al-ʔaswidata; al-ʔasāwida |
أَسْوِدَةَ; أَسَاوِدَ ʔaswidata; ʔasāwida |
| genitive | أَسْوِدَةٍ; أَسَاوِدَ ʔaswidatin; ʔasāwida |
الْأَسْوِدَةِ; الْأَسَاوِدِ al-ʔaswidati; al-ʔasāwidi |
أَسْوِدَةِ; أَسَاوِدِ ʔaswidati; ʔasāwidi |
Descendants
- Maltese: swied
- → Ottoman Turkish: سواد (sevâd)
- Turkish: sevad
- → Armenian: սևատ (sewat), սևադ (sewad)
- → Ottoman Turkish: صاوات (savat), صوات (savat), صواد (savad)
- → Persian: سواد (savâd)
Proper noun
سَوَاد • (sawād) f
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic سَوَاد (sawād, “blackness”). Doublet of صاوات (savat, “niello, Tula work”).
Noun
سواد • (sevâd) (definite accusative سوادی (sevâdı), plural سوادلر (sevâdlar))
- blackness, darkness, lightlessness, the state, property or quality of being black, or an area of darkness
- Synonyms: سیاهلق (siyâhlık), قره‌لق (karalık)
- ink, a colorant-based solution used to color a surface together with a quill, to produce an image, or text
- Synonym: مركب (mürekkeb)
- writing, scripture, text, graphism of symbols such as characters or letters that express some meaning
Derived terms
- تكثیر سواد ایتمك (teksir sevâd etmek, “to write superfluous things”)
- حامض سواد (hamız-ı sevâd, “melanic acid”)
- سواد اعظم (sevâd-ı aʼzâm, “Muslims faithful to the Caliph”)
- سواد البطن (sevâdüʼl-batn, “liver”)
- سواد العین (sevâdüʼl-ʼayn, “pupil of the eye”)
- سواد الوجه (sevâdüʼl-vech, “shame”)
- سواد خط (sevâd-ı hat, “writing ink”)
- سواد عراق (sevâd-ı ʼirâk, “Sawad”)
- سوادلو (sevâdlı, “diversified with black”)
Descendants
- Turkish: sevad
- → Armenian: սևատ (sewat), սևադ (sewad)
Proper noun
سواد • (sevâd)
- (historical) Sawad, the name of a fertile region in southern Iraq used in early Islamic times
- Synonym: سواد عراق (sevâd-ı ʼirâk)
Descendants
- Turkish: Sevad
Further reading
click to expand
- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “سواد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 103
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sevad”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4172
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “sevâd”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1132
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سواد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 696
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Nigredo”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 1137
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سواد”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 2694
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سواد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1085
Persian
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Arabic سَوَاد (sawād).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /sa.ˈwaːd/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [sä.wɑ́ːd̪]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [sæ.vɒ́ːd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [sä.vɔ́d̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | sawād |
| Dari reading? | sawād |
| Iranian reading? | savâd |
| Tajik reading? | savod |
Noun
سواد • (savâd) (plural سوادها)
- (archaic, literature) blackness (of hair, eyes, ink, etc.)
- Saadi Shirazi
- لبان لعل چون خون کبوتر -- سواد زلف چون پر پرستو
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Saadi Shirazi
- (archaic, literature) darkness (of night, etc.)
- (archaic, literature) innermost part (of heart)
- (archaic) draft, an early version of a written document
- Tarikh-i Bayhaqi
- استادم گفته سوادی کرده ام امروز بیاض کنند... گفت [ امیر ] نیک آمد.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Tarikh-i Bayhaqi
- (archaic) manuscript (hand-written document)
- Khaqani
- منم که گاه کتابت سواد شعر مرا فلک سزد که شود دفتر و ملک ورّاق .
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Khaqani
- (archaic) copy (the result of copying)
- (archaic, historical) Sawad, the fertile territory in southern Mesopotamia
- (archaic) countryside (rural area) (used both in singular and plural forms)
- Hudud al-'Alam
- و اندر وی [ اندر خوزستان ] رودهای عظیم و آبهای روان است و سوادهای خرم
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Hudud al-'Alam
- (archaic, architecture) decorative facade in Sasanian architecture, such as that of Arch of Ctesiphon
- مرآت البلدان ناصری
- بالای این درگاه چهار طبقه پنجره است که از برای زینت جلو عمارت بنا شده و به اصطلاح بناهای این عصر آنها را سواد می نامند
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- مرآت البلدان ناصری
- literacy
- در تعریف سنتی سواد، توانایی خواندن و نوشتن است و یا توانایی به‌کاربردن زبان برای خواندن
- In the traditional sense, literacy is either the ability to read and write or one's own ability to read
- being knowledgeable and competent
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: savad
- → Kazakh: сауат (sauat)
- → Middle Armenian: սաւատ (sawat)
- → Kyrgyz: сабат (sabat)
- → Tatar: сәвәт (säwät), сәвад (säwad)
- → Uzbek: савод (savod)
See also
- باسوادی (bâ-savâdi, “literate, educated”)
Etymology 2
Noun
سواد • (sovâd)
- an animal disease
References
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “سواد”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Mo'in, Mohammad (1972) “سواد”, in Moeen Encyclopedic Dictionary [فرهنگ معین] (in Persian), Tehran: Amirkabir
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वाद (svāda).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /sʋɑːd̪/
- Rhymes: -ɑːd̪
Noun
سْواد • (svād) m (Hindi spelling स्वाद)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | سْواد (svād) | سْواد (svād) |
| oblique | سْواد (svād) | سْوادوں (svādõ) |
| vocative | سْواد (svād) | سْوادو (svādo) |
Synonyms
Further reading
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “سواد”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 788
- Platts, John T. (1884) “سواد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 691
- “سواد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
- John Shakespear (1834) “سواد”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC, page 1112
- “سواد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.