فرض

فَرَضَ • (faraḍa) I (non-past يَفْرِضُ (yafriḍu), verbal noun فَرْض (farḍ))

1. to ordain
2. to make obligatory, to oblige

   السَّفَرُ يَفْرِضُ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ نَضِعَ ثِقَتَنَا فِي عَطْفِ الْغُرَبَاءِ.

   as-safaru yafriḍu ʕalaynā ʔan naḍiʕa ṯiqatanā fī ʕaṭfi l-ḡurabāʔi.

   Travel forces us to put our trust in the kindness of strangers.

   • 2004, عَلِيّ شَرِيعَتِي (ʕaliyy šarīʕatī), translated by هادي السيد ياسين, النباهة والاستحمار, دار الأمير:

     إِنَّ أَكْبَرَ قِيَمِ ٱلۡإِنْسَانِ هِيَ تِلْكَ ٱلَّتِي يَبْدَأُ مِنْهَا (بِٱلرَّفْضِ) وَ(عَدَمِ ٱلتَّسْلِيمِ) ٱللَّذَيْنِ يَتَلَخَّصَانِ بِكَلِمَةِ (لَا) وَمِنْهَا بَدَأَ آدَمٌ أَبُو ٱلۡبَشَرِ.. أُمِرَ أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلَ مِنْ تِلْكَ ٱلثَّمَرَةِ، لٰكِنَّهُ اَكَلَ، فَصَارَ بَعْدَئِذٍ بَشَرًا وَهَبَطَ إِلَىٰ ٱلۡأَرْضِ، وِإِلَّا لَكَانَ مَلَكًا لَا مِيزَةَ لَهُ، وَلَصَارَ غَيْرُهُ آدَمَ وَلَفُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ أَمَامَهُ، لَكِنَّهُ تَمَرَّدَ فَصَارَ آدَم.

     ʔinna ʔakbara qiyami l-ʔinsāni hiya tilka llatī yabdaʔu minhā (bi-r-rafḍi) wa(ʕadami t-taslīmi) l-laḏayni yatalaḵḵaṣāni bikalimati (lā) waminhā badaʔa ʔādamun ʔabū l-bašari.. ʔumira ʔan lā yaʔkula min tilka ṯ-ṯamarati, lākinnahu akala, faṣāra baʕdaʔiḏin bašaran wahabaṭa ʔilā l-ʔarḍi, wiʔillā lakāna malakan lā mīzata lahu, walaṣāra ḡayruhu ʔādama walafuriḍa ʕalayhi ʔan yasjuda ʔamāmahu, lakinnahu tamarrada faṣāra ʔādam.

     For sure the biggest human value is that from which s/he begings by "refusing" and "not consenting" that are summarised in the word "no" and from it began Adam the father of humanity.. He had been ordered not to eat from that fruit, but he ate, and henceforth he became a human and landed on Earth, if he had not he would have been an angel with no distinguishing feature, and someone else would have become Adam and he would have been obliged to prostrate before him, but he rebelled and so he became Adam.

3. to impose

فَرَّضَ • (farraḍa) II (non-past يُفَرِّضُ (yufarriḍu), verbal noun تَفْرِيض (tafrīḍ))

1. to notch, to make incisions in

فَرْض • (farḍ) m (plural فُرُوض (furūḍ))

1. verbal noun of فَرَضَ (faraḍa) (form I)
2. duty

• فَرْضُ عَيْنٍ (farḍu ʕaynin, “individual duty”)
• فَرْضُ كِفَايَةٍ (farḍu kifāyatin, “communal duty”)

• → Azerbaijani: fərz
• → Bashkir: фарыз (farız)
• → English: fard
• → Italian: fardello
• → Kazakh: парыз (paryz)
• → Kurdish:

  → Central Kurdish: فەڕز (ferrz)

  → Northern Kurdish: ferz

• → Kyrgyz: парз (parz), парыз (parız)
• → Malay: fardu, perlu
  • Indonesian: fardu, perlu
• → Ottoman Turkish: فرض (farż)
  • > Turkish: farz (inherited)
  • → Armenian: ֆարզ (farz)
  • → Laz: ჶარზი (farzi)
• → Persian: فرض
  • → Bengali: ফরজ (fôrôz)
  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਰਜ਼ (faraz)

    Shahmukhi script: فَرَض (faraẓ)

• → Serbo-Croatian: farz, fȁrz
• → Swahili: faradhi
• → Tajik: фарз (farz)
• → Tatar: фарыз (farız), farız
• → Turkmen: parz
• → Uyghur: پەرز (perz, “duty”), پەرەز (perez, “conjecture”)
• → Uzbek: farz (“duty”), faraz (“conjecture”)

فرض (plural فرض-فرض or فرض٢)

1. Jawi spelling of fardu.‎

Borrowed from Arabic فَرْض (farḍ).

فرض • (farz) (plural فرض‌ها)

1. hypothesis, supposition
2. presumption, supposition
3. obligation, duty, must
4. (Islam) fard, religious duty

فرض • (farz)

1. essential, obligatory

• → Bengali: ফরজ (fôrôz)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਰਜ਼ (faraz)

  Shahmukhi script: فَرَض (faraẓ)

From Arabic فَرَضَ (faraḍa).

• IPA^(key): /fa.radˤ/, [ˈfɑ.rˤɑdˤ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

فرض • (faraḍ) I (present بفرض (bifriḍ))

1. to assume, to stipulate
2. to impose

Borrowed from Classical Persian فَرْض (farz), from Arabic فَرْض (farḍ). First attested in c. 1534^[1] as Middle Hindi فرض (farz).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /fəɾz/
• (Punjabic Urdu) IPA^(key): [fə.ɾəz]
• Rhymes: -əɾz

فَرْض • (farz) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling फ़र्ज़)

1. obligatory; compulsory

فَرْض • (farz) m (formal plural فَرَائِض (farāiz), Hindi spelling फ़र्ज़)

1. duty (ie. responsibility)
2. moral obligation
3. (chiefly Jurisprudence) a compulsory; mandatory act
4. (religion) fard, a religious duty or a divine command
5. (by extension, Islam) the fard prayer
6. right (often moral but not limited to, also legal)

   Synonym: حَق (haq)

7. (by extension) rightful inheritance (ie. the right of inheritors to inherit the deceased's wealth)
8. supposition

• “فرض”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
• Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024) “فرض”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]